The Festival of American Folklife, held annually since 1967 on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., was renamed the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in 1998.
The 1995 Festival of American Folklife was produced by the Smithsonian Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies and cosponsored by the National Park Service.
For more information, see
This collection documents the planning, production, and execution of the 1995 Festival of American Folklife. Materials may include photographs, audio recordings, motion picture film and video recordings, notes, production drawings, contracts, memoranda, correspondence, informational materials, publications, and ephemera. Such materials were created during the Festival on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., as well as in the featured communities, before or after the Festival itself.
Arranged in 6 series.
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1995 Festival of American Folklife forms part of the
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1995 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
Within the Rinzler Archives, related materials may be found in various collections such as the Ralph Rinzler papers and recordings, the Lily Spandorf drawings, the Diana Davies photographs, the Robert Yellin photographs, and the Curatorial Research, Programs, and Projects collection. Additional relevant materials may also be found in the Smithsonian Institution Archives concerning the Division of Performing Arts (1966-1983), Folklife Program (1977-1980), Office of Folklife Programs (1980-1991), Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies (1991-1999), Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage (1999-present), and collaborating Smithsonian units, as well as in the administrative papers of key figures such as the Secretary and respective deputies. Users are encouraged to consult relevant finding aids and to contact Archives staff for further information.
Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our
The Rinzler Archives is continually engaged in digitization of archival materials to facilitate preservation and ready access by users. However, given the diversity of legacy formats of the originals, some older materials may not be available. Notably, certain older audio recordings cannot be played because of deterioration of the tape stock, and the Archives has no playback equipment for EIAJ-1 videoreels (1/2 inch) or multi-track audio recordings. Where listening or viewing copies are available, this is generally indicated for each item. Users are encouraged to contact Archives staff to verify that the materials of interest to them are already accessible, or to determine if they can be digitized as needed.
The 1995 Festival featured American Indian women's musical traditions, the heritage of the Czech Republic and Czech Americans, music of Russian and Russian American groups, and the cultural life of the Cape Verdean community. These programs testified to the vitality of the human spirit, and to how people, ideas, and forms of cultural expression increasingly cross boundaries of geography, politics, language, race, and gender. Special events included evening concerts devoted to African immigrant communities in the Washington, D.C. area and a memorial concert for Festival founding director, Ralph Rinzler.
Heartbeat: The Voices of First Nations Women presented the musical culture of American Indian women. The program examined how these women express their identity through the use of a variety of musical forms - from traditional songs of home to contemporary songs of Indian life, from the appropriation of men's music to the fusion of root music with country, folk, blues, and gospel.
The Czech Republic: Tradition and Transformation provided a broad survey of the ways national, regional, ethnic, and local traditions have been defined in a complex state located at the crossroads of Central Europe. The "Velvet Revolution" of 1989 and the separation of the Czech and Slovak Republics in 1993 have prompted further examinations of cultural identity, the relationship between the state and popular expression, creativity and tradition. Czech Americans, too, have looked at these changes and the reestablishment of relationships to their ancestral homeland.
A third program, Russian Roots, American Branches: Music in Two Worlds, explored the musical culture of Old Believers and Molokans, Russian religious communities created in the 17th and 18th centuries. The program united immigrant communities long established in the United States with those from Russia, and brought together people who, although separated by generations and different social environments, have nonetheless faced parallel issues with regard to cultural persistence and adaptation.
All these programs involved complex institutional arrangements, local-level research and documentation, and strong commitment to and pride in Festival representation. The Cape Verdean Connection program well demonstrated these processes. Cape Verde is an independent island nation and former Portuguese colony located off the west coast of Africa. Cape Verdean Americans, now numbering about 400,000, most born and raised here, historically settled in New England during the 18th century, playing instrumental roles in the whaling and cranberry industries. Cape Verdeans had an important story to tell about their role in American life, their immigrant and continuing transnational cultural experience, their multiracial heritage, and their enduring sense of community - a story with much to tell others as well. Cape Verdeans provided the impetus for the Festival program, carried out most of the research in concert with Smithsonian scholars, led the effort to raise funds from governments, foundations, corporations, and individuals through benefit dances, auctions, and other community events, and, as is fitting, joined with the Smithsonian to share their experiences with the American public.
The 1995 Festival took place during two five-day weeks (June 23-27 and June 30-July 4) between Madison Drive and Jefferson Drive and between 10th Street and 13th Street, south of the National Museum of American History and the National Museum of Natural History (see site plan). It featured four programs and several special events.
The 1995 Program Book included schedules and participant lists for each program; essays provided background on the Festival and each of the four programs.
The Festival was co-presented by the Smithsonian Institution and National Park Service and organized by the Center for Folklife Programs & Cultural Studies.
Richard Kurin, Director; Richard Kennedy, Deputy Director; Diana Parker, Festival Director; Anthony Seeger, Director, Smithsonian/Folkways Recordngs; Peter Seitel, Senior Folklorist; Thomas Vennum, Jr., Senior Ethnomusicologist; Betty Belanus, Olivia Cadaval, Amy Horowitz, Marjorie Hunt, Diana Baird N'Diaye, Curators, Folklorists, Educational and Cultural Specialists; Carla M. Borden, John W. Franklin, Charlene James-Duguid, Program Managers; Felicia Erickson, Arlene L. Reiniger, Mary Van Meter, Program Specialists; Jeffrey Place, Archivist; Kenneth M. Bilby, Roland Freeman, Ivan Karp, Corrine Kratz, Alan Lomax, Worth Long, Yook Jung Park, Kate Rinzler, Research Associates & Collaborators
Roger Abrahams, Jacinto Arias, Michael Asch, Jane Beck, Don DeVito, Pat Jasper, Ella Jenkins, Jon Kertzer, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, John Nixdorf, Bernice Reagon, John Roberts, Carol Robertson, Gilbert Sprauve, Jack Tchen, Ricardo Trimillos, Carlos Vélez-Ibáñez
Roger Kennedy, Director; Robert G. Stanton, Regional Director, National Capital Region
The Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage acknowledges and respects the right of artists, performers, Folklife Festival participants, community-based scholars, and knowledge-keepers to collaboratively steward representations of themselves and their intangible cultural heritage in media produced, curated, and distributed by the Center. Making this collection accessible to the public is an ongoing process grounded in the Center's commitment to connecting living people and cultures to the materials this collection represents. To view the Center's full shared stewardship policy, which defines our protocols for addressing collections-related inquiries and concerns, please visit
1995 Festival of American Folklife Program Book
1995 Festival of American Folklife site plan
Carla M. Borden was Editor of the 1995 Program Book. Joan Wolbier was Art Director; Karin Hayes was Assistant Designer; Justine Walden was Design Coordinator; and Rachel B. Young was Design Aide.
The Cape Verdean Connection program provided an opportunity for Festival audiences to experience a culture that blends West African and Portuguese elements in unique and moving ways. It also provided a clear perspective on two important aspects of how culture is understood and made part of public discourse at the end of the 20th century. One is the idea of transnationalism - in a sense, the way that culture and community can be seen to be independent of territorial boundaries. The other is the opening of the Smithsonian and other national institutions to new cultural needs.
Cape Verdean culture is produced on both sides of the Atlantic, in communities in the Cape Verde Islands and in New England, California, the Netherlands, France, Senegal, Argentina, and elsewhere. Transnationalism in Cape Verdean society is determined, to be sure, in part by historical and environmental imperatives of dramatic proportions. But this condition is not unique. There are many other culture-bearing groups whose members find it necessary for survival to export their labor and themselves to another country, building new lives there but also sending support and maintaining ties to their old country through a variety of social and cultural organizations. Related cultures are often understood as offspring of an ancestral culture, their separate development explaining cultural differences.
But cultural relationships between such communities may sometimes be understood more concretely as being based in and built upon institutions. Cape Verdeans maintain ties through Cape Verdean-owned ships and shipping companies; family remittances and other economic exchange, such as banking and investments in the home country; print and electronic media that disseminate news of the communities; political parties, which were active in the anticolonial struggle and continue in post-independence politics; and international musical touring circuits and Cape Verdean-owned recording companies that are firmly grounded in Cape Verdean traditional musical genres. These are among this community's tools for cultural survival in a transcontinental context.
Cape Verdean American committees raised a substantial portion of the funds necessary for the Cape Verdean Connection program. In sponsoring the program, the Cape Verdean Americans are not only "discovering" the Smithsonian - that is, planting a Cape Verdean cultural flag and gaining international attention for their magnificent cultural achievements. They are also using institutional means to establish a unified yet richly diverse culture as the bedrock upon which to build a Cape Verdean identity - one that can help its bearers work together to meet the challenges presented by Cape Verdean history and its environment. The Festival, and the Smithsonian of which it is part, became an open forum for this kind of cultural exploration and discussion – amidst vibrant performances of Cape Verdean music and oral traditions and demonstrations of crafts and occupations, from both side of the Atlantic.
John W. Franklin and Peter Seitel were Curators, with Raymond A. Almeida as Senior Program Advisor & Fundraising Coordinator. In Cape Verde, John C. Wahnon was Coordinator of the Gabinete Smithsonian/Cape Verde, and at the Festival Jacqueline Schraad was Program Coordinator.
The Cape Verdean Connection was made possible with the support of the Government of Cape Verde on the occasion of its 20th anniversary of independence; Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation; Cape Verdean American community fundraising committees in Boston, Brockton, Cape Cod, New Bedford, Wareham, Providence/Pawtucket, Hartford, Norwich, Southern California, and Washington, D.C.; Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.; NYNEX; Luso-American Development Foundation; Fleet Charitable Trust; Raytheon Co.; the City of New Bedford, Massachusetts; the Town of Wareham, Massachusetts; Bell Atlantic; and the Cape Verdean-American Import/Export Company.
Ronald Barboza, John Braman, Paul Cyr, Maria Resurreição DaSilva, Jose Dias Evora, Ana Fidalgo, Manuel Da Luz Gonçalves, Ulisses Gonçalves, John "Joli" Gonsalves, Virginia Neves Gonsalves, Susan Hurley-Glowa, Joaquim Livramento, James Lopes, Andanilza F. Miranda, Alberto Torres Pereira, Laura Pires-Hester, Ken Semedo, Romana Ramos Silva, Yvonne Marie Smart
Manuel Antonio Barbosa, Maria Alice Barbosa, Josefina A. Chantre, Maria Miguel Estrela, João Gomes, Humberto Lima, Maria Livromento Lima, Osvaldio Osório, José Aureliano Ramos, Joaquim Silva
Ray Almeida, Ron Barboza, Beverly Conley, Diana N'Diaye, Pete Reiniger, Peter Seitel, Gunga Tolentino
Listening copies available
Listening copies available
FP-1995-CT-0303
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Feast Breads / Antonio Moniz Rodrigues, Cleofas Perry, Dulce Andrade.
102 Sao Vicente Cooking / Maria Augusta Faria Lima.
FP-1995-CT-0304
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Brava Cooking / Maria Augusta Faria Lima.
102 Santo Antao Cooking / Amrosina Santos.
FP-1995-CT-0305
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Santo Antao Cooking / Amrosina Santos.
102 Santiago Cooking / Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva.
101 Santo Antao Sweets / Constancia Ferriera Gomes Lima.
FP-1995-CT-0306
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0307
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Sao Vicente Cooking / Maria Augusta Faria Lima.
102 Santo Antao Cooking / Amrosina Santos.
103 Santiago Cooking / Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva.
FP-1995-CT-0308
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Brava Cooking / Hilda Brito.
102 Santo Antao Sweets / Constancia Ferriera Gomes Lima.
FP-1995-CT-0309
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Santo Antao Cooking / Amrosina Santos.
102 Santiago Cooking / Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva.
FP-1995-CT-0310
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Santiago Cooking / Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva.
102 Santo Antao Sweets / Constancia Ferriera Gomes Lima.
103 Brava Cooking / Hilda Brito.
FP-1995-CT-0311
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Brava Cooking / Hilda Brito.
102 Sao Vicente Cooking / Maria Augusta Faria Lima.
FP-1995-CT-0312
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Santiago Cooking / Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva.
102 Santo Antao Sweets / Constancia Ferriera Gomes Lima.
103 Brava Cooking / Hilda Brito.
FP-1995-CT-0313
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0314
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Sao Vicente Cooking / Maria Augusta Faria Lima.
102 Santo Antao Cooking / Amrosina Santos.
FP-1995-CT-0316
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Sao Vicente Cooking / Maria Augusta Faria Lima.
102 Santiago Cooking / Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva.
FP-1995-CT-0317
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Santiago Cooking / Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva.
102 Santo Antao Sweets / Constancia Ferriera Gomes Lima.
FP-1995-CT-0318
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Santo Antao Cooking / Amrosina Santos.
102 Brava Cooking / Hilda Brito.
FP-1995-CT-0319
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Santo Antao Cooking / Amrosina Santos.
102 Santiago Cooking / Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva.
103 Santo Antao Sweets / Constancia Ferriera Gomes Lima.
FP-1995-CT-0320
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Santo Antao Sweets / Constancia Ferriera Gomes Lima.
102 Brava Cooking / Hilda Brito.
103 Sao Vicente Cooking / Maria Augusta Faria Lima.
FP-1995-CT-0321
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Funana and Coladeira Music--Social Commentary / Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Simão Lopes, Simão Ramos. Guitar,Gaita,Accordion,Cavaquinho,Ferriño,Iron bar.
102 Weaving Traditions / Marcelino Santos, Maria Miguel Estrela, Raul Monteiro.
103 History and Styles of Morna / Antero Simas, Luisa Teresa da Graca Vaz, Ramiro Mendes. Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0322
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 History and Styles of Morna / Gabriel Moacyr, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves, Ramiro Mendes. Guitar.
102 Guitar and Cavaquinho Styles / Américo Rodrigues, Casimiro Santos da Rosa, Joaquim Alves. Guitar,Cavaquinho.
103 Planning for a Feast / Antonio Moniz Rodrigues, Cleofas Perry, Dulce Andrade.
FP-1995-CT-0323
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Making and Using the Sao Joao Boat / João Evangelista Pinheiro da Luz, Luciano Chantre, Teodoro Marcelino Delgado. Drum.
102 Cape Verdean Communities / Luciano Chantre, Celina Pereira, Romana Ramos Silva.
FP-1995-CT-0324
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Violin Styles / Antonio Taninho Evora, Malaquias Antonio Costa, Noel Silva Fortes. Violin,Fiddle.
102 Cola Boi and Other Work Songs / Frederíco José da Luz, Guilherme Medina.
FP-1995-CT-0325
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Cranberries and the Cape Verdean-American Community / Ken Semedo, Laura Russel.
102 Pottery Traditions / António Carlos Mosso Monteiro, Domingas da Moura, José Silva Tavares.
FP-1995-CT-0326
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Pottery Traditions / António Carlos Mosso Monteiro, Domingas da Moura, José Silva Tavares.
102 Cape Verdean Leadership: The Next Generation / Denese Gonçalves, Marlan Parte, Rochelle Perry.
103 Rural and Urban Funana / Ramiro Mendes, Simão Lopes, Zeca de Nha Reinalda. Harmonica,Keyboards (Music),Ferriño,Iron bar,Guitar.
104 Growing Up in Cape Verde / Amrosina Santos, António da Rosa dos Santos Oliveira, Maria Maria Paulo de Brito.
FP-1995-CT-0327
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Growing Up in Cape Verde / Amrosina Santos, António da Rosa dos Santos Oliveira, Maria Lopes de Brito.
102 Festival Encounters: Connections between Traditional and Popular Music / Hradistan, João Mendes, Ramiro Mendes.
103 Drum, Dance, Celebration: Batuku and Cola Music and Dance / Inácia Maria Gomes, Lydia Cardoza, Nena Rodrigues.
FP-1995-CT-0328
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Feast Days in Cape Verde / Cleofas Perry, Luciano Chantre, Lydia Cardoza.
102 History and Styles of Morna / Jose Gabriel Lopes, Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Guitar,Cavaquinho.
103 Social Dance Styles / Alcides da Graca, Ivo Pires, Protazio Brito. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin.
FP-1995-CT-0329
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Woodcarving / Alcides Rocha Silva, João Henrique Monteiro.
102 Funana and Coladeira: Social Commentary / Antero Simas, Emanuel Dias Fernandes, Zeca de Nha Reinalda. Guitar.
103 Guitar and Cavaquinho Styles / Laurindo da Graca, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves, Protazio Brito. Guitar,Cavaquinho.
104 Women in Crafts / Adelina Pina Lopes, Domingas da Moura, Maria Maria Paulo de Brito.
FP-1995-CT-0330
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Women in Crafts / Adelina Pina Lopes, Domingas da Moura, Maria Maria Paulo de Brito.
102 Cape Verdean Immigration / Cleofas Perry, Dulce Andrade.
103 Cape Verdean Communities / Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves, Ramiro Mendes, Yvonne Smart.
FP-1995-CT-0331
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Growing Up Cape Verdean in America / Gina Sanchez, Ronald Barboza, Virginia Gonsalves.
102 Cola Boi and Other Work Songs / Frederíco José da Luz, Gabriel Moacyr, Guilherme Medina.
FP-1995-CT-0332
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Cola Boi and Other Work Songs / Frederíco José da Luz, Gabriel Moacyr, Guilherme Medina.
102 Cape Verdean-American Media / Al Tootsie Russell, Eddie Andrade, Romana Ramos Silva.
103 Basketwork / Manuel Fatima Almeida, Maria Maria Paulo de Brito, Miguel João Fortes.
104 Drum, Dance, Celebrate: Batuku and Cola Music and Dance / Inácia Maria Gomes, Lydia Cardoza, Simão Gomes.
105 Violin Styles / Américo Rodrigues, Augusto De Pina, Ivo Pires. Violin,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele,Fiddle.
FP-1995-CT-0333
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Violin Styles / Alcides da Graca, Augusto De Pina, Ivo Pires. Violin,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele,Fiddle.
102 Festival Encounters: Connections with the Mother Country / Benjamin J. Lopes, Gabriel da Rosa.
103 Cranberries and the Cape Verdean-American Community / Ken Semedo, Laura Russel.
FP-1995-CT-0334
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean-American Clubs and Associations / John Gonsalves, Romana Ramos Silva, Yvonne Smart.
102 Guitar and Cavaquinho Styles / Alcides da Graca, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves, Nho Casimiro da Rosa. Guitar,Cavaquinho.
103 Social Dance Styles / Ivo Pires, Laurindo da Graca, Protazio Brito. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin.
FP-1995-CT-0335
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Musical Instrument Makers / Ivo Pires, João Baptista Fonseca. Violin,Guitar.
102 Funana and Coladeira: Social Commentary / Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes. Guitar,Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
103 History and Styles of Morna / Malaquias Antonio Costa, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves, Protazio Brito. Violin,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
FP-1995-CT-0336
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Men in Crafts / José Silva Tavares, Manuel Fatima Almeida, Marcelino Santos.
102 Cape Verdean Immigration / Ana Miranda, Ramiro Mendes, Romana Ramos Silva.
103 Cape Verdean Communities / Luciano Chantre, Raymond A. Almeida, Yvonne Smart.
FP-1995-CT-0337
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0338
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean Immigration / Raymond A. Almeida, Yvonne Smart.
102 Social Dance Styles / Américo Rodrigues, Antero Simas, Augusto De Pina. Violin,Cavaquinho,Ukulele,Guitar.
103 Funana and Coladeira: Social Commentary / Antero Simas, Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes. Guitar,Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
FP-1995-CT-0339
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Boatbuilding / Lorenco da Cruz Soares.
102 History and Styles of Morna / Antonio Taninho Evora, Jose Carlos Silva Brito, José Benjamin Lopez. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
103 Guitar and Cavaquinho Styles / José Benjamin Lopez, Laurindo da Graca, Manuel de Jesus Lopes. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
FP-1995-CT-0340
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Guitar and Cavaquinho Styles / Alcides da Graca, José Benjamin Lopez, Manuel de Jesus Lopes. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
102 Cranberries and the Cape Verdean-American Community / Ken Senedo, Laura Russel, Minny Roderich.
103 Cape Verdean-American Feast Days / Cleofas Perry, Dulce Andrade.
FP-1995-CT-0341
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Violin Styles / Ivo Pires, Malaquias Antonio Costa, Noel Silva Fortes. Violin,Guitar,Fiddle.
102 Cola Boi and Other Work Songs / Frederíco José da Luz, Guilherme Medina.
103 Rural Crafts / António da Rosa dos Santos Oliveira, António Manuel da Cruz.
FP-1995-CT-0342
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Rural Crafts / António da Rosa dos Santos Oliveira, António Manuel da Cruz, Gabriel Moacyr.
102 Cape Verdean Weaving / Marcelino Santos, Marcelino B. Fortes, Raul Monteiro.
103 Cape Verdean Communities / Jack Livramento, Mama da Luz "Mary" Barros.
104 Rural and Urban Funana / Inácia Maria Gomes, Joaquim Alves, Ramiro Mendes. Guitar,Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar,Keyboards (Music).
FP-1995-CT-0343
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Rural and Urban Funana / Joaquim Alves, Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes. Guitar,Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Keyboards (Music).
102 Drum, Dance, Celebrate: Batuku and Cola Music and Dance / Lydia Cardoza, Virginia Gonsalves.
103 Farming in Cape Verde / Américo Rodrigues, Domingas da Moura, Nho Casimiro da Rosa.
FP-1995-CT-0344
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0345
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean Music Industry / João Mendes.
102 Social Dance Styles / Augusto De Pina, Virginia Gonsalves. Violin.
103 Building with Stone / Jose Luis M. da Veiga, Orlando J. Ribeiro Barreto.
FP-1995-CT-0346
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Building with Stone / Jose Luis M. da Veiga, Orlando J. Ribeiro Barreto.
102 Funana and Coladeira: Social Commentary / Antero Simas, Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes. Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
103 Cape Verdean Saxophone Styles / Luis Morais, Mike Antunes, Ramiro Mendes. Saxophone,Clarinet,Guitar,Cavaquinho.
FP-1995-CT-0347
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean Leadership: The Next Generation / Jenna Moniz, John Barros, Mary Faial.
102 Growing Up in Cape Verde / Amandio Cabral, Laurence Lopes Gomes, Tony d'Amoura.
103 Cape Verdean Storytelling / Domingo Pires, Teresa Alves.
FP-1995-CT-0348
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Fishing in Cape Verde / Guilherme Medina, Lorenco da Cruz Soares.
102 Cola Boi and Other Work Songs / Guilherme Medina, Frederíco José da Luz.
103 Kriolu Language / Luciano Chantre, Virginia Gonsalves.
FP-1995-CT-0349
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Kriolu Language / Luciano Chantre, Virginia Gonsalves.
102 Textiles / Adelina Pina Lopes, Marcelino B. Fortes, Marcelino Santos.
103 Drum, Dance, Celebrate: Batuku and Cola Music and Dance / Ana Paulo Monteiro, Lydia Cardoza, Nuesa Araujo.
104 Violin Styles / Alcides da Graca, Ivo Pires, Noel Silva Fortes. Violin,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
FP-1995-CT-0350
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Violin Styles / Antonio Taninho Evora, Ivo Pires, Noel Silva Fortes. Violin,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
102 Rural and Urban Funana Music / Antonio Taninho Evora, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves, Ramiro Mendes. Guitar.
103 Seafarers and Longshoremen / Benjamin J. Lopes, Gabriel da Rosa.
FP-1995-CT-0351
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Seafarers and Longshoremen / Benjamin J. Lopes, Gabriel da Rosa.
102 Cape Verdean Clubs and Associations / Alberto Rodrigues, Josefa Rosa Ferreira, Luciano Chantre. Drum.
FP-1995-CT-0352
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean Immigration / Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Maria Ressurreicao DaSilva, Virginia Gonsalves.
102 Guitar and Cavaquinho Styles / Alcides da Graca, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves, Ramiro Mendes. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
FP-1995-CT-0353
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Social Dance Styles / Ivo Pires, Laurindo da Graca, Protazio Brito. Violin,Cavaquinho,Ukulele,Guitar.
102 Cape Verdean Crafts / António Carlos Mosso Monteiro, Maria Maria Paulo de Brito, Raul Monteiro.
103 Funana and Coladeira: Social Commentary / Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes. Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
FP-1995-CT-0354
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 History and Styles of Morna / Antero Simas, Malaquias Antonio Costa, Noel Silva Fortes. Violin,Guitar.
102 Cranberries and the Cape Verdean-American Community / Judy Mason, Ken Semedo, Laura Russel.
103 The Cape Verdean Independence Movement / Raymond A. Almeida, Virginia Gonsalves, Yvonne Smart.
FP-1995-CT-0355
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 The Cape Verdean Independence Movement / Raymond A. Almeida, Virginia Gonsalves, Yvonne Smart.
102 Cape Verdean Communities / Abel Barbosa, Gina Sanchez, June Henry.
FP-1995-CT-0356
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Malaquias Antonio Costa, Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar,Saxophone.
102 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / David Antunes, John Gonsalves, Josef A. Silva. Guitar,Saxophone,Bass,Maraca,Tambourine (Drum).
FP-1995-CT-0357
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Fogo / Antero Simas, Antonio Taninho Evora, Nho Casimiro da Rosa. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Gaita,Violin.
102 Music from the Island of Brava and the United States / Alcides da Graca, Joaquim Alves, Protazio Brito. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin.
103 Batuku Singing and Dancing / António Vaz Cabral, Inácia Maria Gomes, Maria dos Reis Afonso. Guitar,Tchabeta.
FP-1995-CT-0358
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Boa Vista / Celina Pereira, Jose Carlos Silva Brito, Noel Silva Fortes. Guitar,Violin,Cavaquinho,Maraca.
102 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / Josef A. Silva, Mike Antunes, Victoria Vieira. Guitar,Saxophone,Bass.
FP-1995-CT-0359
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Urban Coladeira and Funana / João Mendes, Manuel Miranda, Zeca de Nha Reinalda Fernandes. Guitar,Keyboards (Music),Drum.
102 Music from the Island of Fogo / Américo Rodrigues, Augusto De Pina, Teodolondo Sedo Pontes. Guitar,Gaita,Cavaquinho,Violin,Accordion.
103 Batuku Singing and Dancing / Bernardino Sena Fernandes, Carlos Hermano C. Ferreira, Maria A. dos Santos de Barros. Guitar,Tchabeta,Dance.
FP-1995-CT-0360
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Batuku Singing and Dancing / Etelvina Lopes, Florenca Vieira, Leandra Pereira Leal. Guitar,Tchabeta.
102 Music from the Island of Boa Vista / Antonio Taninho Evora, Joaquim Alves, Jose Carlos Silva Brito. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin.
103 Rural Funana: Music from Santiago / Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes, Teresa Goncalves Fortado. Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
FP-1995-CT-0361
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Rural Funana: Music from Santiago / Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes, Teresa Goncalves Fortado. Ferriño,Iron bar,Gaita,Accordion.
102 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / Feliciano Vierra Tavares, John Gonsalves, Victoria Vieira. Electric guitar,Bass,Saxophone.
103 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Luis Morais, Teresa Lopes Silva, Titina Rodriguez. Saxophone,Guitar,Violin,Cavaquinho.
FP-1995-CT-0362
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Adriano Gonçalves, Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar,Saxophone,Clarinet.
102 Music from the Island of Brava and the United States / Ivo Pires, Laurindo da Graca, Protazio Brito. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar,Ukulele.
103 Music from the Island of Fogo / Américo Rodrigues, Antero Simas, Nho Casimiro da Rosa. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar,Gaita.
FP-1995-CT-0363
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0364
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0365
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Adriano Gonçalves, Luisa Teresa da Graca Vaz, Malaquias Antonio Costa. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar,Saxophone,Clarinet.
102 Music from the Island of Brava and the United States / Alcides da Graca, Joaquim Alves, Jose Carlos Silva Brito. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar,Ukulele.
103 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / David Antunes, Feliciano Vierra Tavares, Josef A. Silva. Guitar,Saxophone,Bass.
FP-1995-CT-0366
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / John Gonsalves, Mike Antunes, Victoria Vieira. Guitar,Saxophone.
102 Music from the Island of Boa Vista / Antonio Taninho Evora, Celina Pereira, Noel Silva Fortes. Guitar,Violin,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
103 Batuku Singing and Dancing / Ana Paulo Monteiro, Andradinha Cunha Borges, Nuesa Araujo. Guitar,Tchabeta,Dance.
FP-1995-CT-0367
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Batuku Singing and Dancing / António Vaz Cabral, Inácia Maria Gomes, Vitalina Semedo Tavares. Tchabeta,Guitar.
102 Rural Funana: Music from Santiago / Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes, Teresa Goncalves Fortado. Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
FP-1995-CT-0368
Restrictions on access.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0372
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Boa Vista / Antonio Taninho Evora, Celina Pereira, Noel Silva Fortes. Violin,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele.
102 Batuku Singing and Dancing / Andradinha Cunha Borges, Bernardino Sena Fernandes, Inácia Maria Gomes. Guitar,Tchabeta.
FP-1995-CT-0373
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Luis Morais, Luisa Teresa da Graca Vaz, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar,Clarinet,Saxophone.
102 Music from the Island of Fogo / Américo Rodrigues, Teodolondo Sedo Pontes, Nho Casimiro da Rosa. Violin,Cavaquinho,Gaita,Accordion.
FP-1995-CT-0374
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Fogo / Américo Rodrigues, Antero Simas, Augusto De Pina. Cavaquinho,Gaita,Violin,Guitar.
102 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / David Antunes, Josef A. Silva, Victoria Vieira. Guitar,Saxophone.
103 Urban Funana: Music from Santiago / Carlos Monteiro, Manuel Miranda, Zeca de Nha Reinalda Fernandes. Guitar,Keyboards (Music).
FP-1995-CT-0375
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Urban Funana: Music from Santiago / George Jobe, Ildo Lobo, João Mendes. Keyboards (Music),Guitar,Drum.
102 Music from the Island of Brava and the United States / Ivo Pires, Laurindo da Graca, Protazio Brito. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin.
FP-1995-CT-0376
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Malaquias Antonio Costa, Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Guitar,Saxophone,Clarinet,Cavaquinho,Violin.
102 Rural Funana: Music from Santiago / Inácia Maria Gomes, Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes. Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
FP-1995-CT-0380
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
102 Music from the Island of Fogo / Augusto De Pina, Teodolondo Sedo Pontes, Nho Casimiro da Rosa. Violin,Gaita,Accordion,Cavaquinho.
103 Batuku Singing and Dancing / Ana Paulo Monteiro, Carlos Hermano C. Ferreira, Nuesa Araujo. Tchabeta,Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0381
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Batuku Singing and Dancing / António Vaz Cabral, Inácia Maria Gomes, Vitalina Semedo Tavares. Guitar,Tchabeta.
102 Music from the Island of Boa Vista / Antonio Taninho Evora, Joaquim Alves, Jose Carlos Silva Brito. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin.
103 Rural Funana: Music from Santiago / Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes, Teresa Goncalves Fortado. Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
FP-1995-CT-0382
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Rural Funana: Music from Santiago / Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes, Teresa Goncalves Fortado. Ferriño,Iron bar,Gaita,Accordion.
102 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / David Antunes, Feliciano Vierra Tavares, Mike Antunes. Guitar,Bass,Saxophone.
FP-1995-CT-0383
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Boa Vista / Celina Pereira, Joaquim Alves, Noel Silva Fortes. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar.
102 Batuku Singing and Dancing / António Vaz Cabral, Bernardino Sena Fernandes, Inácia Maria Gomes. Guitar,Tchabeta.
103 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Adriano Gonçalves, Luis Morais, Luisa Teresa da Graca Vaz. Violin,Cavaquinho,Guitar,Saxophone,Clarinet.
FP-1995-CT-0384
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Malaquias Antonio Costa, Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Clarinet,Saxophone,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin.
102 Music from the Island of Fogo / Antero Simas, Augusto De Pina, Nho Casimiro da Rosa. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin,Gaita,Accordion.
103 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / David Antunes, John Gonsalves, Victoria Vieira. Saxophone,Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0385
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean-American Dance Band / Feliciano Vierra Tavares, Josef A. Silva, Mike Antunes. Guitar,Saxophone.
102 Urban Funana: Music from Santiago / George Jobe, João Mendes, Zeca de Nha Reinalda Fernandes. Guitar,Drum,Keyboards (Music),Conga (Drum).
103 Music from the Island of Brava and the United States / Ivo Pires, Jose Carlos Silva Brito, Protazio Brito. Guitar,Violin,Cavaquinho.
FP-1995-CT-0386
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Music from Brava and the United States / Alcides da Graca, Antonio Taninho Evora, Laurindo da Graca. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele,Violin.
102 Music from the Island of Sao Vicente / Luisa Teresa da Graca Vaz, Malaquias Antonio Costa, Manuel de Jesus Lopes. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Violin,Clarinet,Saxophone.
103 Rural Funana: Music from Santiago / Teresa Goncalves Fortado, Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes. Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
FP-1995-CT-0387
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Jam Sessions in Cape Verde Festival Site / Manuel Miranda, Ramiro Mendes, Simão Gomes. Guitar,Drum,Clapping,Violin,Cavaquinho.
102 Tabanka in the Cape Verde Home Area / Epifario Corvalho, Jorge Tavares, Josefa Rosa Ferreira. Drum,Varzea,Conch shell,Whistle.
FP-1995-CT-0388
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Cola Chanting and Drumming / Alberto Rodrigues, Armindo Fernandes, Lydia Cardoza. Cola (Drum),Caixeiro,Drum.
102 Batuku Singing and Dancing / Ana Paulo Monteiro, António Vaz Cabral, Inácia Maria Gomes. Tchabeta,Guitar.
103 Trapiche Demonstration / António da Rosa dos Santos Oliveira, Frederíco José da Luz, Guilherme Medina. Whistling.
FP-1995-CT-0389
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Music from Brava / Alcides da Graca, Américo Rodrigues, Ivo Pires. Violin,Guitar,Cavaquinho.
102 Music from Sao Vicente / Luis Morais, Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Violin,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Saxophone.
FP-1995-CT-0390
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Batuku / António Vaz Cabral, Inácia Maria Gomes. Tchabeta,Guitar.
102 Rural Funana / Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes, Teresa Goncalves Fortado. Gaita,Ferriño.
103 Music from Fogo / Américo Rodrigues, Augusto De Pina, Teodolondo Sedo Pontes. Guitar,Gaita,Violin.
104 Music from Brava / Alcides da Graca, Ivo Pires. Violin,Cavaquinho.
105 Cola Chanting and Drums / Domingo Pires, Rosa Teixeira, Simão Gomes. Drum,Caixeiro.
FP-1995-CT-0391
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0405
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0406
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0576
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean Dance Music: Music from Sao Vicente / Luis Morais, Manuel de Jesus Lopes, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Saxophone,Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele,Violin.
102 Cape Verdean Dance Music: Urban Coladeira and Funana / Carlos Monteiro, João Mendes, Ramiro Mendes. Guitar,Keyboards (Music),Drum,Conga (Drum).
103 Contemporary Czech Sounds: Hradistan / Hradistan. Violin,Viola,Cimbalom,Dulcimer,Clarinet.
FP-1995-CT-0578
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 African Immigrant Social Music and Dance: Volta Ensemble / Volta Ensemble.
102 African Immigrant Social Music and Dance: Nile Ethiopian Ensemble / Nile Ethiopian Ensemble. Kraar,Lyre,Masenquo,Kebero,Dan.
FP-1995-CT-0579
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0580
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0581
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 African Immigrant Sacred Music, Celebration, and Verbal Arts: The North African Region Ensemble / North African Ensemble. Oud,Violin,Dümbelek,Daf (Drum),Riqq (Drum),N-ay.
102 African Immigrant Sacred Music, Celebration, and Verbal Arts: The Association of Tanzanian Community in America / Emanuel Bandawe, Jessica Kamala Mushala, Martin Ngireu.
103 African Immigrant Sacred Music, Celebration, and Verbal Arts: Anioma Association / Anioma Association (Washington, D.C.). Drum.
FP-1995-CT-0582
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0583
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Music from Brava and the United States / Alcides da Graca, Ivo Pires, Protazio Brito. Guitar,Cavaquinho,Ukulele,Violin.
102 Rural Funana / Simão Ramos, Simão Lopes. Gaita,Accordion,Ferriño,Iron bar.
FP-1995-CT-0584
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
FP-1995-CDR-0076
1. Cape Verdean-American Dance Band 2. Music from the Island of Sao Vincente
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
101 Cape Verdean American Dance Band / Cape Verdean American Dance Band. Violin,Saxophone. Cape Verdean.
102 Music from the Island of Sao Vincente / Luis Morais, Malaquias Antonio Costa, Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves. Violin,Saxophone.
FP-1995-CDR-0077
1. Music from the Island of Sao Vincente 2. Music from the Island of Brava and U.S.
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
FP-1995-CDR-0078
1. Music from the Island of Fogo 2. Urban Colodemia and Funana- Mercedes Brothers
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
FP-1995-CDR-0079
1. Urban Colodemia and Funana- Mercedes Brothers 2. Music from the Island of Sao Vincente
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
FP-1995-CDR-0080
1. Music from the Island of Sao Vincente 2. Cape Verdean-American Dance Band
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
FP-1995-CDR-0081
1. Cape Verdean-American Dance Band 2. Music from Boa Vista 3. Batuku
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
FP-1995-CDR-0082
1. Butuku Singing and Dancing 2. Cape Verdean-American Dance Band 3. Urban Colodemia and Funana- Mercedes Brothers
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
FP-1995-CDR-0083
1. Urban Colodemia and Funana- Mercedes Brothers 2. Music from the Island of Sao Vincente 3. Music from Boa Vista
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
FP-1995-CDR-0084
1. Music from Boa Vista 2. Urban Funana 3. Music from Brava and the U.S.
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
FP-CDR-0085
1. Music from Brava and the U.S. 2. Butuku Singing 3. Cape Verdean-American Dance Band
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1996.
FP-1995-CDR-0086
1. Cape Verdean-American Dance Band 2. Music from Fogo 3. Music from the Island of Sao Vincente
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, 1995.
In 1989, the people of Czechoslovakia rose in peaceful protest against the Communist regime, in what was called the "Velvet Revolution". In the years immediately following, Western cultural productions, some of dubious quality, inundated Czech society. The reaction was a new interest in traditional folklore. For instance in 1995 the Folklore Association of the Czech Republic listed some 12,000 active members of folklore ensembles. It seemed that the Czech people remain loyal to the culture that, a century earlier, some had claimed was on the verge of extinction.
In fact, most Czech citizens still know hundreds of folk songs. Time-honored customs have survived, even if only as aesthetic or amusing reminders of a proud past. Traditional weddings are still held in rural areas and to some extent in the urban centers where they had once disappeared. In other areas, the transmission and transformation rather than disappearance of older folk traditions served as a mechanism of maintaining contemporary regional identity. Music can be taken to illustrate the diversity of Czech traditions around the then-new country.
The Festival program was organized only two years after the Czech Republic separated peacefully from Slovakia. In 1995, the Czech Republic was still grappling with the repercussions of independence and changed borders. The Festival program provided Czech scholars with an opportunity to revisit and revalue folklore traditions such as Easter-egg decorating, puppetry, dulcimer bands, and bagpipe ensembles in light of the sociopolitical changes reshaping their society. At the same time they studied contemporary, urban grassroots traditions such as Czech country and western singers, Romany popular music, and pub songs, which might not have been previously considered folklore.
At the time of the 1995 Festival, Czechs were experiencing transitions in every sphere of communal life. In the process of framing a joint Festival program, Czech and U.S. scholars shared an opportunity to witness cultural tradition and transformation at a unique historical moment. The issues they grappled with enhanced the scope of the immediate Festival goal, resulting in a presentation that covered the full range of grassroots, popular, and official folkloric expressions.
Amy Horowitz served as Curator, and Tom Vennum, Jr. as Czech American Curator, with Jaroslav Stika as Czech Research Director. Irena Zikova was U.S. Program Coordinator, and Jaroslav and Vera Cerny (Carousel Agency) were Coordinators in the Czech Republic.
The Czech Republic: Tradition and Transformation was made possible with the support of the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, the Embassy of the Czech Republic in the United States, the Trust for Mutual Understanding, Samson Brewery from the south Bohemian town of Česke Budějovice, the Ford Motor Company Fund, and Area Medica Holding s.r.o., and was produced in collaboration with the Open-Air Museum of Wallachia.
Stanislav Brouček; Věra Černá, Jaroslav Černý, Jiří Černý, Zdeněk Cvikl, Alena Divínová, Milena Habustová, J. Hrdá, Josef Jančar, Jiří Kosík, Jiří Langer, Václav Mikušek, Anna Mlýnková, Jiří Pavlica, Martina Pavlicová, Vladimir Scheufler, Daniela Stavélová, Ivo Stolařík, Dalibor Štrunc, Jaromír Štrunc, František Synek, Zdenék Uherek, M. Weinerová
Betty Belanus, Vera Cech, Val Cech, Věra Černá, Jerry Černý, Jiří Černý, Jana Kansky, Paul Kapic, Pavla Kostková, Dawn Orsak, Irena Přibylová, Heather Slosar, Lucie Zálešáková, Dick Zika
FP-1995-CT-0392
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Wallachian Kolace Pastry / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
102 Czech-American Sausage / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
FP-1995-CT-0393
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Czech-American Sausage / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
102 Wallachian Raw Potato Dumplings / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
FP-1995-CT-0394
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0395
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Czech-American Apple Strudel / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
102 Christmas Gingerbread Cookies / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
FP-1995-CT-0396
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Wallachian Kolace Pastry / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
102 Czech-American Sausage / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
FP-1995-CT-0397
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Czech-American Christmas Mushroom Noodle Soup / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
102 Christmas Gingerbread Cookies / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
FP-1995-CT-0398
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Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Christmas Gingerbread Cookies / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
102 Czech-American Apple Strudel / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
103 Wallachian Fruit Dumplings / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
FP-1995-CT-0399
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0400
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0401
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Czech-American Sausage / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
102 Christmas Gingerbread Cookies / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
FP-1995-CT-0402
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Christmas Gingerbread Cookies / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
102 Czech-American Apple Strudel / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
FP-1995-CT-0403
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Czech-American Apple Strudel / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
102 Wallachian Kolace Pastry / Milena Habustova, Zdena Sadlik.
103 Czech-American Christmas Mushroom Noodle Soup / Helen Cyr, Roseanne Hauger.
FP-1995-CT-0404
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0407
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
102 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin,Fiddle.
FP-1995-CT-0408
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0409
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Display of Czech Regional Dress / Helena Dobrovolná, Irena Deçka, Vladimir Strunc.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
103 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0410
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar.
102 Czech Wedding Celebration / Hradistan, Alice Holubová, Jirí Pavlica. Violin,Viola,Clarinet,Dulcimer,Cimbalom.
FP-1995-CT-0411
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Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0412
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
102 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica.
FP-1995-CT-0413
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Czech Puppeteers, Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
102 Women's Songs of Herbs and Mysteries / Polajka (Musical group), Eva Porubova, Eva Stiková.
FP-1995-CT-0414
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Czech and Czech-American Music Swap: Tuba Dan Band, Postrekov Folklore Ensemble / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble, Tuba Dan Band. Tuba,Trumpet,Accordion,Violin,Clarinet,Bagpipe.
102 Czech Folk Instrument Demonstrations / Jan Holoubek, Richard Visner, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Double bass.
FP-1995-CT-0415
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Czech Puppeteers, Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
102 Carnival Celebration: Postrekov Folklore Ensemble: Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble, Jan Holoubek, Jirina Holoubkova. Bagpipe,Violin,Clarinet.
FP-1995-CT-0416
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica.
102 Dueling Czech Fiddlers / Hradistan, Jirí Pavlica, Lubomir Svatos. Fiddle,Viola,Double bass,Dulcimer,Clarinet.
FP-1995-CT-0417
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Dueling Czech Fiddlers / Hradistan, Jirí Pavlica, Lubomir Svatos. Violin,Clarinet,Double bass,Dulcimer,Viola.
102 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Violin,Bagpipe.
103 Women's Songs of Herbs and Mysteries / Polajka (Musical group), Jaroslava Stikova.
FP-1995-CT-0418
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
102 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica.
FP-1995-CT-0419
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Display of Czech Regional Dress / Radhost (Musical group), Ctimir Strunc, Petr Dobrovolný.
102 Memory and Revival: Stories of Jewish Life / Amy Horowitz, Vladimir Merta.
FP-1995-CT-0420
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0421
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
102 Czech and Czech-American Music Swap / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble, Tuba Dan Band. Bagpipe,Accordion,Tuba,Clarinet,Trumpet.
FP-1995-CT-0422
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica,Penny whistle.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
FP-1995-CT-0423
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Czech Family Traditions / Jaroslav Reznícek, Eva Porubova, Jan Reznícek, Jan Holoubek, Jirina Holoubkova, Pavla Porubova.
102 Zogata: A Bagpipe Maker Shares His Craft / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
FP-1995-CT-0424
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
FP-1995-CT-0425
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0426
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
102 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica.
FP-1995-CT-0427
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Traditional Romany Songs: Tockolotoc / ToAkolotoA (Musical group), Bartolomej Vaskó, Gejza Pesta. Guitar,Percussion instruments,Mandolin.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
103 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica.
FP-1995-CT-0428
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica.
103 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
FP-1995-CT-0429
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0430
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Chodsko and Wallachian Dance Styles / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble, RadhoAt (Musical group).
102 Czech and Czech-American Accordion Styles / Antonin Závorka, Dan, Jr. Jerabek, Frantisek Gajda. Accordion.
FP-1995-CT-0431
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica.
102 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
FP-1995-CT-0432
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0433
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica,Whistle.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
FP-1995-CT-0434
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica,Whistle.
102 Family Traditions / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble.
FP-1995-CT-0435
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Family Traditions / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
102 Czech and Czech-American Music Swap / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble, Tuba Dan Band. Bagpipe,Double bass,Accordion,Tuba,Trombone,Violin.
104 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
FP-1995-CT-0436
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
102 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica,Penny whistle.
103 Czech Wedding Celebration / Polajka (Musical group), RadhoAt (Musical group).
FP-1995-CT-0437
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Czech Wedding Celebration / Polajka (Musical group), RadhoAt (Musical group). Dulcimer,Double bass,Violin.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
FP-1995-CT-0438
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin.
102 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica,Penny whistle.
103 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
FP-1995-CT-0439
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Czech Puppeteers, Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
102 Czech and Czech-American Accordion Styles / Tuba Dan Band, Antonin Závorka, Frantisek Gajda. Accordion.
103 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Vocals,Harmonica,Penny whistle.
FP-1995-CT-0440
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Penny whistle,Harmonica,Vocals.
102 Czech and Czech-American Music Swap / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble, Tuba Dan Band. Trumpet,Clarinet,Violin,Double bass,Drum,Accordion.
103 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Violin,Bagpipe,Fiddle.
FP-1995-CT-0441
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin,Fiddle.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
FP-1995-CT-0442
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin,Fiddle.
102 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
103 Occupational Songs: Fishing, Weaving, Winemaking / Hradistan, Polajka (Musical group). Violin,Dulcimer,Double bass,Clarinet,Viola.
FP-1995-CT-0443
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Occupational Songs: Fishing, Weaving, Winemaking / Hradistan, Polajka (Musical group). Violin,Dulcimer,Viola,Clarinet,Double bass.
102 Chodsko and Wallachian Dance Styles / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Violin,Clarinet,Bagpipe.
103 Urban Folk Songs and Stories of the Velvet Revolution: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Harmonica,Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0444
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0445
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Silesian Bagpipe: Zogata / Alès Adamik, Vladislav Zogata. Bagpipe,Violin,Fiddle.
102 Czech Wedding Celebration / Polajka (Musical group), RadhoAt (Musical group). Violin,Dulcimer,Double bass.
103 Czech Puppeteers Yesterday and Today / Antonin Malon, Matej Kopecký, Vladimira Kopecká.
FP-1995-CT-0446
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Bagpipe,Violin,Clarinet.
102 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band, Gene Burmeister, John Hall. Clarinet,Tuba,Trumpet,Trombone,Accordion,Keyboards (Music).
FP-1995-CT-0447
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band. Accordion,Keyboards (Music),Tuba,Trombone,Trumpet,Clarinet.
102 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Clarinet,Violin,Viola,Dulcimer,Double bass,Recorder (Muscial instrument).
103 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Clarinet,Violin,Bagpipe.
FP-1995-CT-0448
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Bagpipe,Violin,Double bass,Clarinet.
102 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / ToAkolotoA (Musical group). Guitar,Mandolin.
FP-1995-CT-0449
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / Radhost (Musical group). Violin,Double bass,Dulcimer.
102 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band. Keyboards (Music),Accordion,Trumpet,Trombone,Tuba,Clarinet.
FP-1995-CT-0450
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Czech American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band. Accordion,Trombone,Tuba,Trumpet,Clarinet,Saxophone.
102 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Clarinet,Bagpipe,Violin,Double bass.
103 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / ToAkolotoA (Musical group). Mandolin,Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0451
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / Točkolotoč (Musical group). Mandolin.
102 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group).
103 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Violin,Viola,Clarinet,Cimbalom,Hurdy-gurdy,Penny whistle.
FP-1995-CT-0452
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Violin,Viola,Dulcimer,Clarinet,Crumhorn.
102 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group).
103 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band. Clarinet,Tuba,Trombone,Saxophone,Trumpet,Accordion.
FP-1995-CT-0453
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0454
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Violin,Bagpipe,Clarinet,Double bass.
102 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group).
FP-1995-CT-0455
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / ToAkolotoA (Musical group). Guitar,Mandolin.
102 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Violin,Viola,Cimbalom,Clarinet,Dulcimer.
FP-1995-CT-0456
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Cimbalom,Clarinet,Violin,Viola,Dulcimer.
103 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Clarinet,Violin,Bagpipe,Double bass.
102 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / RadhoAt (Musical group). Violin,Dulcimer,Double bass.
FP-1995-CT-0457
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Bagpipe,Violin,Clarinet,Double bass.
102 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / Radhost (Musical group) Violin,Double bass,Cimbalom,Dulcimer.
103 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / Točkolotoč (Musical group) Mandolin,Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0458
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / ToAkolotoA (Musical group). Percussion instruments,Mandolin,Double bass,Guitar.
102 Wallachian Women Singers / Polajka (Musical group).
103 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band, Dan Jerabek. Trombone,Accordion,Keyboards (Music),Trumpet,Tuba,Clarinet.
FP-1995-CT-0459
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0460
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / Radhost (Musical group). Dulcimer,Violin,Double bass.
102 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Violin,Cimbalom,Clarinet,Hurdy-gurdy,Crumhorn.
FP-1995-CT-0461
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Viola,Clarinet,Violin,Dulcimer.
102 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group).
103 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / Radhost (Musical group). Violin,Dulcimer,Double bass,Cimbalom.
FP-1995-CT-0462
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band, Dan Jerabek. Keyboards (Music),Accordion,Tuba,Trombone,Trumpet.
102 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / Tockolotoc (Musical group). Guitar,Mandolin.
FP-1995-CT-0463
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Viola,Violin,Cimbalom,Clarinet,Double bass.
102 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Violin,Clarinet,Double bass,Bagpipe.
FP-1995-CT-0464
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0465
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Double bass,Viola,Violin,Clarinet,Cimbalom.
102 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / RadhoAt (Musical group). Double bass,Violin,Dulcimer.
FP-1995-CT-0466
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Bagpipe,Clarinet,Violin,Double bass.
102 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / Tockolotoc (Musical group). Guitar,Mandolin.
FP-1995-CT-0467
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / Tockolotoc (Musical group). Mandolin,Guitar.
102 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Jerabek Family, Tuba Dan Band. Accordion,Trumpet,Trombone,Tuba,Drum,Clarinet.
103 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / Tockolotoc (Musical group). Mandolin,Guitar.
104 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group), Radhost (Musical group). Violin,Double bass,Dulcimer.
FP-1995-CT-0468
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group), RadhoAt (Musical group). Violin,Double bass.
102 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Violin,Double bass,Bagpipe,Clarinet.
FP-1995-CT-0469
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group).
102 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band / Hradistan. Double bass,Clarinet,Dulcimer,Violin,Viola.
FP-1995-CT-0470
United States 1995
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band, Dan Jerabek. Drum,Keyboards (Music),Accordion,Trumpet,Trombone,Tuba.
102 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group), Radhost (Musical group). Double bass,Violin,Dulcimer.
103 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / Radhost (Musical group). Double bass,Violin,Dulcimer.
FP-1995-CT-0471
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / Radhost (Musical group). Violin,Dulcimer,Double bass.
102 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / Tockolotoc (Musical group). Mandolin,Guitar.
103 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band, Dan Jerabek. Tuba,Accordion,Keyboards (Music),Trombone,Clarinet.
FP-1995-CT-0472
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Czech-American Polka Music: Tuba Dan / Tuba Dan Band, Dan Jerabek. Trumpet,Keyboards (Music),Trombone,Accordion,Clarinet.
102 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Clarinet,Bagpipe,Violin,Double bass.
FP-1995-CT-0473
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Wallachian Dulcimer Band: Radhost / Radhost (Musical group). Dulcimer,Double bass,Violin.
102 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group).
FP-1995-CT-0474
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group).
102 Chodsko Bagpipe and Whirling Dance Group: Postrekov / Postrekov Folklore Ensemble. Double bass,Violin,Bagpipe.
103 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Double bass,Violin,Dulcimer,Clarinet,Viola.
FP-1995-CT-0475
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Violin,Viola,Dulcimer,Double bass,Clarinet.
102 Wallachian Women Singers: Polajka / Polajka (Musical group), RadhoAt (Musical group). Violin,Dulcimer,Double bass.
103 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Violin,Viola,Double bass,Clarinet,Cimbalom.
FP-1995-CT-0476
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Contemporary Moravian Dulcimer Band: Hradistan / Hradistan. Clarinet,Double bass,Dulcimer,Viola,Violin.
102 Contemporary Romany Band: Tockolotoc / Tockolotoc (Musical group). Guitar,Mandolin.
FP-1995-CT-0477
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0577
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Contemporary Czech Sounds: Hradistan / Hradistan. Viola,Violin,Double bass,Clarinet,Dulcimer.
102 Contemporary Czech Sounds: Vladimir Merta / Vladimir Merta. Guitar,Harmonica,Penny whistle.
103 Contemporary Czech Sounds: Hradistan / Hradistan. Viola,Violin,Double bass,Clarinet,Dulcimer.
FP-1995-CT-0585
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
A woman hums songs to a child. Three old ladies sing as they pick choke-cherries or cactus buds, husk corn, or dig camas root. A woman's high-pitched lu-lu-lu-lu rises over the men's voices at the end of an honoring song for returned veterans. "Chorus girls" back up the men's lead song at the drum during a war dance. The pulsating, driving hand-drum beats and magic-making songs women sing at a stick game. The woman whose songs make the Sun Dance circle right. These are the voices of Native women. Like the drum whose heartbeat is that of a woman, these women and their songs are at the heart of Indian Country. But unlike the drum, their songs and voices are rarely heard beyond their communities.
Along with the first of two recordings made available on Smithsonian/Folkways (Heartbeat: Voices of First Nations Women, SF 40415) the two-week presentation at the 1995 Festival and its accompanying program book essay were part of an effort to present an overview of music by Native women - traditional, new, innovative, and little known. Included were traditional women's songs from tribes in the United States and Canada as well as material usually sung by men and recently taken up by women. The recording, essay, and festival program also emphasized fresh material, Native women's music that merged traditional music with many styles of popular American music.
Very little women's music is known and appreciated, even by those who value and know Native American music. People may see Native women dancing when public performances take place, whether they are on stage or in a community setting. Still, men's dancing dominates the public arena. Because much of Native women's traditional singing occurs in a private setting associated with family, clan, ceremonial, or work activities, those who are unfamiliar with these traditions rarely see or hear women sing. Thus the common perception is that women have little presence or significance in the performance and preservation of Native musical traditions. A few tribal or regional collections have included women's singing and instrumental music. Recordings by contemporary Indian women musicians like Buffy Sainte-Marie first received favorable attention in the late 1960s. Since then, the ranks of such women have grown.
In recent years, particularly in the Northern Plains, changes are also underway with respect to the place of women at the drum, previously seen by most as an exclusively male domain. Increasingly, women describe being called to the drum, to sit at the drum, to be the drumkeeper in the way that men have talked about it. Increasingly, powwow singing in the Northern Plains has brought the advent of mixed drum groups and - as demonstrated at the Festival - all-female groups.
All these ways of singing and music-making exist among Native women. Much of the old music exists today, joined by newer ways. As Festival audiences could experience at the 1995 Festival, Native women's music is vital and dynamic, very much a part of the process through which Native peoples are preserving and revitalizing Native life and culture.
Rayna Green and Howard Bass were Curators, and Arlene Reiniger was Program Coordinator.
Heartbeat: The Voices of First Nations Women was produced in collaboration with the Division of Cultural History at the National Museum of American History, with support from The Recording Industries Music Performance Trust Funds, the Smithsonian Educational Outreach Fund, the American Encounters Project, the National Museum of the American Indian, the National Museum of American History, the John Hammond Fund for the Performance of American Music, and the Smithsonian Institution Special Exhibition Fund.
Barry Bergey, Olivia Cadaval, Harold Closter, Judith Gray, Orin Hatton, Charlotte Heth, Marjorie Hunt, Phil Minthorn, Betsy Peterson, Alice Sadongei, Gwen Shunatona, Tom Vennum, Jr.
FP-1995-CT-0478
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0479
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Called to the Drum / Alma Brooks, Celina Jones, Margaret Paul. Drum.
102 Good Time Music / Bernice Torres, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Lillian Ashley. Drum.
FP-1995-CT-0480
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Good Time Music / Bernice Torres, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Lillian Ashley. Drum.
102 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Bernice Torres, Elena Charles, Sharon Burch. Hand drums.
103 Festival Encounters: Mothers and Daughters: Transmission of Music / Eva Porubova, Eva Stiková, Mary Stachelrodt. Hand drums.
FP-1995-CT-0481
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0482
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Making Our Own Songs / Elizabeth Hill, Lillian Ashley, Sharon Burch. Guitar,Water-drum.
102 Called to the Drum / Crying Woman Singers, Wabunoag Singers, Gwen Shunatona. Drum.
FP-1995-CT-0483
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Called to the Drum / Crying Woman Singers, Wabunoag Singers, Gwen Shunatona. Drum.
102 Recording Indian Women's Music / Charlotte Heth, Judith Gray, Thomas Vennum.
103 Good Time Music / Bernice Torres, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Mary Stachelrodt.
FP-1995-CT-0484
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Good Time Music / Bernice Torres, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Elena Charles.
102 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Crying Woman Singers, Wabunoag Singers, Elizabeth Hill.
103 Navajo Singers / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Sharon Burch. Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0485
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0486
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Powwow Songs / Crying Woman Singers, Kiowa Singers, Wabunoag Singers. Drum.
102 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Bernice Torres, Gwen Shunatona. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0487
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Bernice Torres, Gwen Shunatona. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Navajo Singers / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Sharon Burch. Drum,Harmonica,Guitar.
103 Making Our Own Songs / Bernice Torres, Sharon Burch, Elizabeth Hill. Rattle (Musical instrument),Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0488
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Elena Charles, Mary Stachelrodt. Hand drums.
102 Transforming Traditions / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Cora Chandler, Ramona Smith. Drum,Water-drum.
FP-1995-CT-0489
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0490
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Indian Christian Songs / Betty Mae Jumper, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune. Hand drums.
102 Making Our Own Songs / Celina Jones, Geraldine Barney, Lillian Ashley. Water-drum,Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0491
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Making Our Own Songs / Geraldine Barney, Lillian Ashley, Sandra Wuttunee. Water-drum,Guitar.
102 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Bernice Torres, Betty Mae Jumper, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune.
103 Contemporary Singer/Songwriters / Geraldine Barney, Elizabeth Hill. Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0492
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Contemporary Singer/Songwriters / Elizabeth Hill, Geraldine Barney. Guitar,Flute.
102 Ceremonial Crafts / Elena Charles, Mary Stachelrodt, Melissa Peterson.
FP-1995-CT-0493
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Navajo Singers / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Geraldine Barney. Water-drum,Guitar.
102 Called to the Drum / Cora Chandler, Garrett Snell, Margaret Paul.
FP-1995-CT-0494
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Called to the Drum / Alma Brooks, Garrett Snell, Margaret Paul.
102 Pomo Traditions / Bernice Torres. Rattle (Musical instrument).
103 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Betty Mae Jumper, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Elena Charles.
FP-1995-CT-0495
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1995.
101 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Betty Mae Jumper, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Mary Stachelrodt.
102 Ceremonial Crafts / Alberta Wilson, Melissa Peterson, Ramona Smith.
FP-1995-CT-0496
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Making Our Own Songs / Ulali (Musical group), Geraldine Barney, Pura Fé. Guitar,Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Mary Ann Meanus. Hand drums.
FP-1995-CT-0497
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Mary Ann Meanus. Hand drums.
102 Ceremonial Songs / Anita Anquoe George, Cornelia Bowannie, Pat Hess.
103 Transforming Traditions / Ulali (Musical group), Georgia Wettlin-Larsen, Soni Moreno-Primeau. Drum.
FP-1995-CT-0498
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Transforming Traditions / Soni Moreno-Primeau, Ulali (Musical group), Georgia Wettlin-Larsen. Drum.
102 Powwow Songs / Anita Anquoe George, Bernadine Stacey, Mary Ann Anquoe.
FP-1995-CT-0499
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen, Geraldine Barney, Janice Martin.
102 Called to the Drum / Red Eagle Singers, Anita Anquoe George.
FP-1995-CT-0500
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Called to the Drum / Red Eagle Singers, Anita Anquoe George.
102 Making Our Own Songs / Ulali (Musical group), Betsy Buck, Geraldine Barney.
103 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Mary Ann Meanus.
FP-1995-CT-0501
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
101 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Mary Ann Meanus.
102 Assiniboine and Ojibwa Songs / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen. Hand drums.
103 Festival Encounters: Music Through Generations / Olla Maidens (Musical group), George G. Kostrikin, Reverend Pimen Simon.
FP-1995-CT-0502
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 1, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0503
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Zuni Pottery Songs / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Cornelia Bowannie, Loretta Beyuka.
102 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen, Mary Ann Anquoe, Mary Ann Meanus.
FP-1995-CT-0504
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen, Mary Ann Anquoe, Mary Ann Meanus.
102 Making Our Own Songs / Evalita Shoyo, Geraldine Barney, LaMelia Shoyo.
FP-1995-CT-0505
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Transforming Traditions: Hearbeat Celebration Rehearsal / Drum,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Betsy Buck.
103 Heartbeat Celebration Rehearsal / Six Nations Women Singers, Georgia Wettlin-Larsen, Mary Ann Meanus. Drum,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0507
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Ceremonial Clothing / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Georgia Wettlin-Larsen, Mary Ann Meanus.
102 Transforming Traditions / Charlene Bomberry, Geraldine Barney.
FP-1995-CT-0508
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Called to the Drum / Kiowa Singers, Red Eagle Singers, Mary Ann Meanus.
102 Making Our Own Songs.
FP-1995-CT-0509
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0510
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Zuni Pottery Songs / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Cornelia Bowannie, Joy Edaakie. Drum.
102 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Kiowa Singers, Mary Monture, Mary Ann Meanus.
FP-1995-CT-0511
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Ways of Our Grandmothers / Kiowa Singers, Mary Monture, Mary Ann Meanus.
102 Iroquois Women's Social Dance / Charlene Bomberry, Pat Hess, Sadie Buck. Drum.
103 Making Our Own Songs / Ulali (Musical group), Geraldine Barney, Pura Fé.
FP-1995-CT-0512
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Making Our Own Songs / Ulali (Musical group), Geraldine Barney, Soni Moreno-Primeau.
102 Assiniboine and Ojibwa Songs / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0513
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Social Dance Songs: Northern Plains, Navajo, Maliseet / Crying Woman Singers, Sweethearts of Navajoland, Wabunoag Singers. Drum,Water-drum.
102 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Yupik, Pomo, Kiowa / Bernice Torres, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Elena Charles. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0514
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Yupik, Pomo, Kiowa / Bernice Torres, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Mary Stachelrodt. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Mohawk Singer-Songwriter: ElizaBeth Hill / Elizabeth Hill. Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0515
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Social Dance Songs: Northern Plains, Navajo, Maliseet / Crying Woman Singers, Sweethearts of Navajoland, Wabunoag Singers. Drum,Water-drum.
102 Navajo Singer-Songwriter: Sharon Burch / Sharon Burch. Guitar,Harmonica.
FP-1995-CT-0516
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Navajo Singer-Songwriter: Sharon Burch / Sharon Burch. Harmonica,Guitar.
102 Mohawk Singer-Songwriter: ElizaBeth Hill / Elizabeth Hill. Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0517
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Northern Plains, Pomo, Kiowa / Crying Woman Singers, Bernice Torres, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune. Drum,Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Navajo Singers / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Sharon Burch. Guitar,Harmonica,Flute,Water-drum.
FP-1995-CT-0518
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Yupik, Pomo, Maliseet, Plains Big Drum / Little River Singers, Pomo & Yupik Singers, Wabunoag Singers. Drum,Hand drums,Water-drum,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Mohawk Singer-Songwriter: ElizaBeth Hill / Elizabeth Hill. Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0519
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Mohawk Singer-Songwriter: ElizaBeth Hill / Elizabeth Hill. Guitar.
102 Navajo Singers / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Sharon Burch. Guitar,Water-drum,Harmonica.
FP-1995-CT-0520
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Navajo Singers / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Sharon Burch. Water-drum,Guitar,Harmonica.
102 Powwow Songs / Crying Woman Singers, Little River Singers, Wabunoag Singers. Hand drums,Drum.
FP-1995-CT-0521
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0522
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Pomo, Kiowa, Yupik / Bernice Torres, Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Elena Charles. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Navajo Singers / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Geraldine Barney. Water-drum,Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0523
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Navajo Singers / Sweethearts of Navajoland, Geraldine Barney. Water-drum,Guitar,Flute.
102 Storysongs: Seminole and Makah / Betty Mae Jumper, Melissa Peterson, Samantha Della. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0524
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Storysongs: Seminole and Makah / Betty Mae Jumper, Melissa Peterson, Samantha Della. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Social Dance Songs: Navajo, Northern Plains, Maliseet / Crying Woman Singers, Sweethearts of Navajoland, Wabunoag Singers. Hand drums,Drum,Water-drum.
103 California to Alaska: Pomo, Makah, Yupik / Melissa Peterson, Bernice Torres, Mary Stachelrodt. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0525
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 California to Alaska: Pomo, Makah, Yupik / Bernice Torres, Elena Charles, Melissa Peterson. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Mohawk Singer-Songwriter: ElizaBeth Hill / Elizabeth Hill. Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0526
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 26, 1995.
101 Mohawk Singer-Songwriter: ElizaBeth Hill / Elizabeth Hill. Guitar.
102 Powwow Songs: The Wabanoag Singers / Wabunoag Singers. Hand drums.
FP-1995-CT-0527
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Zuni, Wasco, Kiowa / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Anita Anquoe George, Mary Ann Anquoe. Hand drums.
102 Traditions and Transformations: Assiniboine and Northern Plains Drum / Red Eagle Singers, Georgia Wettlin-Larsen. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0528
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Traditions and Transformations: Northern Plains Drum / Red Eagle Singers, Georgia Wettlin-Larsen. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Traditions and Transformations: Iroquois and Ulali / Six Nations Women Singers, Ulali (Musical group). Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument),Water-drum.
103 Assiniboine and Navajo Singers: Georgia Wettlin-Larsen and Geraldine Barney / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen, Geraldine Barney. Hand drums,Guitar.
FP-1995-CT-0529
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Assiniboine and Navajo Singers: Georgia Wettlin-Larsen and Geraldine Barney / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen, Geraldine Barney. Hand drums,Guitar.
102 Powwow Songs: Northern Plains Drum and Kiowa / Red Eagle Singers, Anita Anquoe George, Mary Ann Anquoe. Hand drums.
FP-1995-CT-0530
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Powwow Songs: Northern Plains Drum and Kiowa / Red Eagle Singers, Anita Anquoe George, Mary Ann Anquoe. Hand drums.
102 Songs from the Southwest: Zuni and Navajo / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Geraldine Barney. Hand drums,Frog box,Guitar.
103 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Iroquois and Wasco / Six Nations Women Singers, Mary Ann Meanus. Hand drums,Water-drum,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0531
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0532
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Kiowa, Northern Plains Drum, Wasco / Kiowa Singers, Red Eagle Singers, Mary Ann Meanus. Hand drums,Drum.
102 Traditions Transformed: Ulali / Ulali (Musical group), Jennifer Kreisberg, Soni Moreno-Primeau. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0533
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Traditions Transformed: Ulali / Ulali (Musical group), Jennifer Kreisberg, Soni Moreno-Primeau. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
102 Powwow Songs / Red Eagle Singers, Anita Anquoe George, Mary Ann Anquoe. Hand drums,Drum.
FP-1995-CT-0534
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Iroquois Social Dance Songs: Six Nations Women Singers / Betsy Buck, Charlene Bomberry, Sadie Buck. Rattle (Musical instrument),Water-drum.
102 Assiniboine and Ojibwa Songs: Georgia Wettlin-Larsen / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen. Hand drums.
FP-1995-CT-0535
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Assiniboine and Ojibwa Songs: Georgia Wettlin-Larsen / Georgia Wettlin-Larsen. Hand drums.
102 Navajo Singer-Songwriter: Geraldine Barney / Geraldine Barney. Guitar.
103 Zuni Ceremonial Songs: Olla Maidens / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Cornelia Bowannie, Loretta Beyuka. Hand drums,Frog box.
FP-1995-CT-0536
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0537
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Songs from the Woodlands and Plains: Iroquois, Ojibwa, Assiboine, Northern Plains Drum / Red Eagle Singers, Six Nations Women Singers, Georgia Wettlin-Larsen. Hand drums,Drum,Rattle (Musical instrument),Water-drum.
102 Traditions Transformed: Ulali / Ulali (Musical group), Pura Fé, Soni Moreno-Primeau. Hand drums,Rattle (Musical instrument).
FP-1995-CT-0538
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Songs from the Southwest: Zuni and Navajo / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Geraldine Barney. Hand drums,Frog box,Guitar.
102 Powwow Songs / Red Eagle Singers, Anita Anquoe George, Mary Ann Anquoe. Hand drums,Drum.
FP-1995-CT-0539
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Powwow Songs / Red Eagle Singers, Anita Anquoe George, Mary Ann Anquoe. Drum,Hand drums.
102 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Zuni and Wasco / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Mary Ann Meanus. Hand drums,Frog box.
FP-1995-CT-0540
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Ceremonial and Social Songs: Zuni and Wasco / Olla Maidens (Musical group), Mary Ann Meanus. Hand drums,Frog box.
102 Hearbeat Celebration / Frog box,Drum,Rattle (Musical instrument),Water-drum.
FP-1995-CT-0541
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
One of the outcomes of the 1988 Festival program of Music from the Peoples of the Soviet Union was a series of research partnerships pairing U.S.-based scholars and their counterparts from several countries of the former Soviet Union (Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan). The focus of the projects was to compare the transformation of similar cultural traditions in different environments. In the Russian study, the Old Believers and Molokan communities, which both share a history of opposition to the Russian Orthodox Church, have each developed differently, depending on their root traditions and their situations. Some people in those communities left Russia and migrated to Turkey, South America, and the United States. Some communities later returned to Russia. Each of the migrations left its mark. Their histories provided an important backdrop to the contemporary statuses of the communities.
The Old Believers and the Molokans represent two very different phenomena of Russian religious and cultural life. The Old Believers belong to the old Orthodox Church, while the Molokans reject it altogether. If visual aspects are very important for the Old Believers (the best representation of this can be found in their handwritten books, carefully and artfully illuminated and decorated with colorful miniatures, as well as in their icon paintings), Molokans pay less attention to visual expressions of their faith and concentrate almost entirely on aural aspects. Still, their histories have much in common. Both were persecuted by the Russian church and government, imprisoned, executed, and forced to migrate. For both, living in diaspora and in opposition to mainstream culture became the norm. These circumstances forced them to be independent and strong, spiritually and physically, in order to withstand pressures from the dominant culture.
Developments of the previous decade, when the research teams had been observing these communities, offered perhaps the most interesting basis for comparison. The religious revival in post-Soviet Russia gave a respect to the Old Believers and Molokan communities in 1995 that was unknown ten years before. In the United States many people were looking away from government and to their own roots for identity and structure in an increasingly disjointed world. In the program Russian Roots, American Branches, Festival audiences had an opportunity to observe not only the survival and adaptation of traditions, but also the influence of the changing perspectives of tradition in Russia and the United States.
The invitation from the Smithsonian to participate in the 1995 Festival of American Folklife was greeted by the four groups presented in the program with remarkable enthusiasm. Although some communities remain completely closed to scholars even today because they do not think that their singing, not to mention their religious life, should be studied or observed, many members of Molokan and Old Believer communities generously shared their talents, knowledge, and convictions with Smithsonian researchers. Those who heard their magnificent singing on the National Mall could feel privileged, gratified, and greatly enriched.
Margarita Mazo and Richard Kennedy were Curators; Katie Gruber was Program Coordinator in the U.S. and Anatoly Kargin was Program Coordinator in Russia. Russian Roots, American Branches: Music in Two Worlds was produced with the collaboration of the Russian Ministry of Culture, with support from the Trust for Mutual Understanding.
Margarita Mazo (Molokans, Old Believers), Serafima Nikitina (Molokans)
Margerita Mazo, Roy Robson
FP-1995-CT-0542
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Garamonik,Accordion.
102 American Molokans / American Molokans.
FP-1995-CT-0543
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 Narrative: Old Believer Migration Stories / Anastasia Zakharovna Nikolushkin, Gavril Dmitrievich Belikov, Tatyana Timofeievna Elisiutikova.
102 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokans.
103 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
FP-1995-CT-0544
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
101 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
102 Narrative: Transmission of Molokan Musical Traditions / Edward J. Samarin, Nadia Shabalin, William J. Loskutoff.
103 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Garamonik,Accordion.
FP-1995-CT-0545
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0546
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokans.
102 Narrative: Preservation and Adaptation of Traditions / Andrei A. Shabalin, Antonina M. Pushkarow, MaryJane P. Shabalin.
103 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Garamonik.
FP-1995-CT-0547
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Garamonik,Accordion.
102 Narrative: Molokan Rituals and Celebrations / Alexandr Timofeievni Shchetinkin, V.I. Volkov, Vladimir Ivanovich Polstianov.
103 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
104 Learn an Old Believer Song / Reverend Pimen Simon.
FP-1995-CT-0548
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
101 Learn an Old Believer Song / Reverend Pimen Simon.
102 American Molokans / American Molokans.
103 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokans.
FP-1995-CT-0549
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0550
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 24, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0551
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Narrative: Rituals and Celebrations / American Old Believers, Nekrasovtsy Old Believers.
102 Old Believer Feast / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Garamonik,Accordion.
FP-1995-CT-0552
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0553
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 Old Believer Feast / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Garamonik,Accordion.
102 Narrative: Textile Traditions / American Molokans.
103 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
FP-1995-CT-0554
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
101 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
102 American Molokans / American Molokans.
103 Learn a Molokan Song / Antonina M. Pushkarow, Katrina Hazen, MaryJane P. Shabalin.
104 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokans.
FP-1995-CT-0555
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 25, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0556
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 American Molokans / American Molokans.
102 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
103 Narrative: Old Believer Rituals and Celebrations / Daria Simon, Reverend Pimen Simon, Stacey L. Wing.
FP-1995-CT-0557
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Narrative: Old Believer Rituals and Celebrations / Reverend Pimen Simon, Roy Robson, Stacey L. Wing.
102 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokans.
103 Learn a Molokan Song / Anna Nikolaievna Anaprikova, Antonina M. Pushkarow, Matrena Timofeievna Shchetinkina.
FP-1995-CT-0558
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Garamonik,Accordion.
102 American Molokans / American Molokans.
FP-1995-CT-0559
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
101 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
102 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokans.
FP-1995-CT-0560
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 30, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0561
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Narrative: Rituals and Celebrations / American Molokans, Russian Molokans.
102 Molokan Feast / American Molokans, Russian Molokans.
FP-1995-CT-0562
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0563
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers.
102 Learn an Old Believer Song.
FP-1995-CT-0564
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Narrative: Textile Traditions / Antonina M. Pushkarow, Katrina Hazen, MaryJane P. Shabalin.
102 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
103 Narrative: Preservation and Adaptation of Traditions / Hilary (Xenaida) Miester, Reverend Pimen Simon, Stacey L. Wing.
FP-1995-CT-0565
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 2, 1995.
101 Narrative: Preservation and Adaptation of Traditions / Charles Dobson, Daria Simon, Reverend Pimen Simon.
102 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Harmonica.
FP-1995-CT-0566
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 American Molokans / American Molokans.
102 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
FP-1995-CT-0567
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Learn an Old Believer Song / Reverend Pimen Simon.
102 Narrative: Molokan Rituals and Celebrations / Russian Molokans.
103 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers, Maria Dalgakiran.
FP-1995-CT-0568
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers, Maria Dalgakiran.
102 Narrative: Preservation and Adaptation of Traditions / Bill T. Razvaliaeff, Edward J. Samarin, Vasilii Ivanovich Bogdanov.
103 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokans.
FP-1995-CT-0569
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
101 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
102 Festival Encounters: Traditional Culture in a Post-Communist World / Gavril Dmitrievich Belikov, Matrena Timofeievna Shchetinkina, Vladimir Merta.
FP-1995-CT-0570
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1995.
FP-1995-CT-0571
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Garamonik,Accordion.
102 Narrative: Old Believer Migration Stories / Anna Trofimovna Tchernyshova, Gavril Dmitrievich Belikov, Praskovya Pashina.
FP-1995-CT-0572
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokans.
102 Learn a Molokan Song / Anna Nikolaievna Anaprikova, Matrena Timofeievna Shchetinkina.
103 Narrative: Transmission of Old Believer Musical Traditions / Daria Simon, Reverend Pimen Simon, Stacey L. Wing.
FP-1995-CT-0573
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Narrative: Transmission of Old Believer Musical Traditions / Douglas (Seraphim) Wing, Reverend Pimen Simon, Stacey L. Wing.
102 American Old Believers / American Old Believers.
103 American Molokans / American Molokans.
FP-1995-CT-0574
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Russian Molokans / Russian Molokan Women.
102 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Harmonica.
FP-1995-CT-0575
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 4, 1995.
101 Nekrasovtsy Old Believers / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers. Harmonica.
102 Closing Session / Nekrasovtsy Old Believers, American Molokans, Russian Molokans.
The first in what later became a series of annual tributes to Festival founding director Ralph Rinzler featured two of his earliest collaborators in the folk revival - Pete Seeger and Mike Seeger - as well as Piedmont blues from the duo of John Cephas and Phil Wiggins and African American music of the Appalachians from Ed Cabbell and Melissa Cabbell.
Other special evening concerts provided a preview of an ongoing project concerning African immigrant communities in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. While many recent African immigrant communities shared some social characteristics with each other, with others of the African diaspora, and with immigrant groups in general, they also varied considerably in size, in the length of time they had been in the United States, and in the circumstances that brought them to this country. Some individuals came with scholarships to American universities; others fled oppressive political situations with "only the shirt on their backs," as one Ethiopian educator and cab driver explains.
In the process of building community life in the United States, African-born immigrants in America in the 1990s were creating new and unique forms of expressive culture patterned after but not identical to African forms; they actively and explicitly used the language of tradition - ways of cooking food, of dressing, of dancing - to define themselves as Africans, in the context of the United States, to each other and to the world.
Fieldwork by the project team - primarily constituted of community-based scholars - during the project's first year hinted at the richness of the material available: from Ghanaian drumming to Zairian
Emily Botein was Program Coordinator for the evening programs and special events. The African Immigrant Folklife Study Project was directed by Diana Baird N'Diaye, with Betty Belanus serving as Education Specialist, Roland Freeman as Fieldwork Photography Advisor, and Sulayman Nyang as Head Advisor. Project Advisors included Mary Jo Arnoldi, Hayelom Ayele, Laura Bigman, Camilla Bryce-Laporte, Roy Bryce-Laporte, Olivia Cadaval, Roland Freeman, Philippa Jackson, Portia James, Niani Kilkenny, Michael Licht, Phyllis May-Machunda, Deborah Mack, Sharon Rienken, Beverly Robinson, Fath Ruffins, Peter Seitel, and Addisu Tolesa.
Dangnachew Abebe (Ethiopia), Veronica Abu (Ghana), Ebo Ansa (Ghana), Kwaku Ofori Ansa (Ghana), Nomvula Cook (Lesotho/Southern Africa), Abdirahman Dahir (Somalia), Tonye Victor Erekosima (Nigeria), Florence Guindo (Nigeria), Tesfaye Lemma (Ethiopia), Nobel Makar (Egypt), Mary Monseur (Egypt), Mumia Shimaka Mbasu (Kenya/East Africa), Gorgui N'Diaye (Senegal), Gilbert Ogunfiditimi (Nigeria), Ann Olumba (Nigeria), Dorothy Osei-Kuffuor (Ghana), Aristides Pereira (Senegal)
FP-1995-CT-0586
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 23, 1995.