MS 2372 Garrick Mallery Collection on Sign Language and Pictography
This collection contains Garrick Mallery's research and writings as a BAE ethnologist and is largely comprised of correspondence and preparatory materials for publications on Native American sign language and pictography. The geographic scope of the material is chiefly the present-day United States and Canada, though other areas of the world are represented less comprehensively. Correspondence and research notes include verbal descriptions of signs, sometimes with illustrations included. Bound volumes of Mallery's publications are included, along with annotations from collaborators. In addition, this collection includes notecards, drawings, illustrations, photographs, articles, and art objects. Art objects (mostly oversize) deal chiefly with Dakota winter counts and other artifacts.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
This collection is arranged into 3 series: 1) Research Notes, undated; 2) Materials on Sign Language, 1843-1849, 1873-1894; 3) Materials on Pictographs and Petroglyphs, 1849-1902, undated
Garrick Mallery (1831-1894) was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and practiced law in Philadelphia from 1853 until the outbreak of the American Civil War. While serving in the army, he became interested in Native American sign language and pictography, perhaps while performing his duties in frontier areas. After retiring from the military in 1879, Mallery was appointed to the newly created Bureau of American Ethnology as one of its first ethnologists. In his work with the Bureau, Mallery pioneered the study of sign language and pictographs, examining them as a universal human phenomenon with a direct link to spoken language.
In his work, Mallery collected and examined sign language vocabulary from Native American groups throughout the U.S. and Canada and regularly solicited contributions from collaborators. He also related his findings to examples from the wider world, comparing the formation of Native American signs to those in other areas by hearing individuals and by the deaf. Mallery completed several publications on the topic throughout the 1880s, notably
While most widely known for his work with sign language, Mallery also undertook extensive research into Native American pictography. Like his work with sign language, he both conducted original research and solicited assistance from collaborators. He was especially interested in the representational images in Dakota winter counts and petroglyphs in the United States and throughout the world.
Sources Consulted
Fletcher, Robert. "Garrick Mallery, President of the Philosophical Society of Washington, in 1888." In
Fletcher, Robert. "Colonel Garrick Mallery, U.S.A."
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Manuscript 2372 is open for research.
Access to Manuscript 2372 requires an appointment.
Information in this finding aid was pulled from an existing folder list which reflects the titles written on individual folders in the collection.
The folder titles of this collection were written by the creator of the collection, Garrick Mallery. Some of these folder titles include offensive or outdated language. The original titles have been retained to preserve the historical integrity of the archival record. Use of this language does not reflect the views of the National Anthropological Archives or the Smithsonian Institution.
Processed by NAA Staff.
Encoded by Patricia Greeene, 2015.
Manuscript 2372, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
MS 2372 was transferred from the Bureau of Ethnology Archives to the Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives with the merger of the BAE and the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History in 1965. The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives was renamed the National Anthropological Archives in 1968.
See MS 2322 A collection of gesture-signs and signals of the North American Indians for more of Garrick Mallery's work on sign language.
Research Notes
This series contains bundles of note cards grouped together in varying amounts. Notecards may be handwritten or typed, and are sometimes quotations pulled from a secondary source. Subjects include: hand gestures, pictographs, greetings and farewells, smoke signals (and other forms of distance communication), tattoos, mnemonic devices, and other matters. Cultures and locations vary greatly, and while the subjects of these notecards are mainly Native Americans, other cultures worldwide are also covered. Probably research notes, but there is no indication which publication(s) the notes may have been for.
This series contains correspondence, notes, articles, and bound volumes relating to sign language. The materials are generally filed by Native American culture area or world region, and documents that do not pertain to any one region are filed under "miscellaneous." Bound volumes include two copies of
This series is arranged in 6 sub-series: (2.1) Correspondence on sign language filed by Native American culture area, 1849, 1877-1896; (2.2) Correspondence on sign language filed by world region, 1843, 1880-1891; (2.3) Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1873-1894; (2.4) Notes and Articles, 1879-1894, undated; (2.5) Bound Volumes and Annotations, 1879-1881, 1894; (2.6) Illustrations prepared for use in
Baffinland Eskimos, Negroes in Angola and Lunda, Africa
Letter, Franz Boas. 1 p.
Tungus and the Yokut of Siberia
Description, George Melville. 10 pp.
Alaskan Eskimos
Letter, W. J. Hoffman. 1 p.
Prince of Wales
Description for J. W. Hoffman. 7 pp.
Sarsi (Sarcie)
3 letters, C. J. Hoffman. 1p.
British Columbia
Letter, J. W. Powell. 6 pp.
Chilkat [Tlingit]
Letter, William Bainbridge. 2 pp.
Northwest Coast Tribe-Mentions Haida
Notes, Dr. Franz Boas. 5 pp. - p.1 missing.
Northwest Coast and Oregon Seaboard
Letter, Rev. M. Ells. 1 p.
Northwest Coast-Puget Sound
Letter, Eldridge Morse. 15 pp.
Letter, James Lenihan. 2 pp.
Northwest Coast Tribes
Letter, James G. Swan. 1 p.
Northwest Coast
Letter, S. H. Young, received August 30, 1880. 1 p.
Ute
Letter, J. Nelson Trask. 4 pp.
Nez Perce & Flathead
Letter, G. L. Doffenbaugh. 6 pp.
Signs identifying certain tribes - Cheyenne, Comanche, Osage, Kickapoo, Sioux, Arapaho
Letter, H. F. Buckner. 7 pp.
Cheyenne, Comanche, Arapaho, Dakota, Kiowa
Letter, Ben Clark. 1p.
Cheyenne, Arapaho, Sioux-List of Sign Language
Letter, H. M. Creel. 11 pp.
Arapaho, Cheyenne, Kiowa
Letter, Richard Dodge. 4 pp.
Omaha, Pawnee, Ponca
Letter, J. Owen Dorsey. 6 pp.
Crow
Description of Signs, W. J. Hoffman. 4 pp.
Cheyenne, Comanche, Kiowa
Letter, A. J. Holt. 1 p.
Letter, Rev. A. J. Holt. 8 pp.
Northern Arapaho
List of Signs, Lieut. H. R. Lemly. 17 pp.
Dakota
Letter, Chas. E. McChesney. 7 pp.
Mandan: Hidatsa
Letter, W. Matthews, May 11, 1880. Also article by Mallery. 22 pp. List of Signs, W. Matthews 1880. 19 pp.
Blackfoot
Letter - J. W. Schultz. 2 pp.
Dakota
Letter, H. L. Scott. 3 pp.
Plains & Others
No source. 17 pp.
Plains: use of Pantomime
No source. 4 pp.
Arapaho & Cheyenne
No source. 5 pp.
Cheyenne
No source.
Cree
Letter, Chas. Bell. 9 pp.
Chippewa
2 Letters, Edward Jacker, Nov. 27, 1879, April 7, 1880. 10 pp.
Chippewa
Narrative recorded by F. Jacker, undated. 6 pp.
Abnaki
Letter, H. L. Masta. 6 pp.
Iroquois and Algonquin
Letter, Mrs. Erminnie A. Smith, Oct 24, 1882. 3 pp.
Iroquois
Description, no source. 9 pp. pp 5-8 missing.
Zuni
Letter, Rev. Taylor F. Ealy. 4 pp.
Hopi
3 Letters, J. Sullivan. 5 pp.
Mescalero Apache
2 Letters, Francis A. Atkins, July 15, 1880; Jan. 19, 1881. 7 pp. List of signs, cut into slips of assorted sizes, labeled by Mallery.
Location Unknown
J. M. Broadus. 4 pp.
Italy
Letter, James D. Butler and description in N. Y. Observer - 6 pp.
French & Italian
Letter, James Denison. 4 pp.
Gypsies
Letter, Chas. G. Leland. 3 pp.
Sicily
Letter, B. S. Mondino. 3 pp.
Italy
Letter, C. Rau, May 29, 1882, 2 pp.; Charles Dickens extract, undated, 4 pp.; Sign Language description, undated, 57 pp.
English & Spanish
Description of folk tale, no source. 8 pp.
No Location
Letter, Richard Dean. 2 pp.
Madagascar
2 Letters, James Sibree, July 25, 1882; April 25, 1883. 6 pp.
South Africa
Letter, G. A. Wilder. 5 pp.
3 Letters, H. N. Barnum
Aug. 17, 1880; May 5, 1882; Nov. 11, 1882; List of Signs, 10 pp.
5 pp.
Egypt, Turkey, Mesopotamia
Letter, Gerald Malsey. 5 pp.
Gilbert Islands
Letter, N. Bingham. 2 pp.
Ponape
Letter, E. T. Doane. 8 pp.
Fiji Islands
3 Letters, Lorimer Fison - Jan 4, Sept 7, Dec 9, 1880. 14 pp.
Hawai'i
Letter, Abr. Fornander. 3 pp.
Australia
Letter, A. S. Keane. 3 pp.
Australian Aborigines
3 Letters, A. W. Hewitt, Feb. 14, 1881; April 24, 1882; Nov. 21, 1882. 9 pp.
Gilbert Islands
1 Letter, 1 postcard, Horace J. Taylor, Oct 10, Nov. 13, 1882. 4 pp.
Sumatra
Letter, F. A. Von Rupprecht. 3 pp
Letter, Clara Benick Colby
Excerpt from lecture by Mr. Hirai re: Religions of Japan. 5 pp.
John T. Gurlick
4 Letters, May 30, 1882 - Nov 4, 1883. 1 postcard, Aug 15, 1882. 15 pp.
Description of Signs, John T. Gurlick
62 pp.
Letter, Clay Manleaney
4 pp.
Letter, Edgerton Crouter
3 pp.
Note, Edward Allen Fay
1 p.
Lars Larson
List, 2 pp. Letter, 2 pp.
Letter, Mrs. E. Seguin
2 pp.
Letter, Geo. Wing
3 pp.
Universality of Sign Language, Capt. C. A. Woodruff
1 p.
List of Signs
Includes 10 sketches, 22 pp.
Sign Language Paper, Wm. Dunbar
9 pp.
Types of Hand Positions in Sign Language
6 pp.
Letter, W. P. Clark
12 pp.
Letters to G. Mallery
30 pp. 1 postcard.
Correspondence and printed booklets re: Development of a Written System
20 pp. Includes "The Wolf and the White Man," 16 pp.
J. W. Fewkes
Letter, Jan. 26, 1892; Draft of letter, Feb 25, 1891. 4 pp.
"Peculiarities of Gesture" from a manual by John Charles Bucknill and Daniel Hack Tuke
5 pp.
Sign Language, a paper by G. Mallery
8 pp.
Letter, Edward B. Taylor
4 pp.
4 Letters, Agnes Branen
10 pp. re: translation of Mallery's "Introduction to the Study of Sign Language."
Letter, Jer. Sullivan
1 p.
Status Report: Data Gathering. W. J. Hoffman
12 pp.
Report, Hyde Clark, 1881, and 3 Letters
Letter, Alexander Graham Bell
2 pp.
Letter, J. D. Butler
Includes Old Hebrew Writings, Shakespeare, Am. Indians, 5 pp.
Letter, Corrections to material - Philip J. Hasinstab
7 pp.
Lists of Signs, arranged alphabetically, compiled by Mallery
Grouped with cross references. Typed list.
Draft list of signs
Draft - Instruction of Sign Language
Draft - List of words and signing instructions
List of Words - signing instructions - Mallery
Neapolitan gestures: 18 photo reproductions, 18 leafs
Pen & ink drawings: 164
Photographs: 10
This series contains correspondence, drawings, pencil rubbings, and photographs relating to pictographs and petroglyphs, most filed by location or culture. When correspondence pertains to more than one location or culture, it is filed under "miscellaneous".
This series is arranged in 4 sub-series: (3.1) Correspondence, drawings, and photographs filed by U.S. state and county (or other locality), 1849-1902, undated; (3.2) Correspondence, drawings, and photographs filed by world region or country, 1860, 1877-1894, undated; (3.3) Correspondence, drawings, and photographs filed by Native American tribe or subject, 1873-1894, undated; (3.4) Correspondence, drawings, and photographs filed by artifact or Winter Count, 1870-1891, undated
Arranged by U.S. state and locality.
Petroglyph located on Chinlee Creek, presented by Lt. Masher
Mindeleff: Drawings of Petroglyphs from Canyon de Chelly
Petroglyphs Representing Human and Animal Forms. INV 08733800.
Mindeleff: North Wall of Canyon de Chelly, East of Mouth of Canyon
Copy of Petroglyph Depicting Human, Animal, and Other Forms. INV 08733900.
H. M. Wilson, 1884. (Map)
Petroglyphs in Arrow Canyon, 1p.
G. K. Gilbert
Pictographs on butte 4 miles north east of Diablo Canyon, 6 pp.
G. K. Gilbert
Rock pictures at Partridge Creek, northern Arizona. Description and drawings. 11 pp. INV 08749800. Ten drawings on 4 x 6" cards.
Paul Holman
Pictographs and Indian ruins at Robbins Butte, Powers Butte and Painted Rock, 14 pp.
Paul Holman
Pictographic drawings on rock about 8 miles below Powers Butte, 1 p.
Mohave Co.
Charles Hallock. Postcard, Petroglyphs on Virgin River, 1 pp.
Navaho Co.
Thomas W. Keam. Petroglyphs in Keam's Canyon, and similar designs on [Hopi] pottery; "Extracts from the catalog of the Collection of Relics of the Ancient Builders of the Southwest Tablelands" 16 pp. (Description and 15 drawings). INV 08794700.
G. K. Gilbert
13 drawings - Rock pictures at Oakley Springs. INV 08749500; "Sketches of an inscribed stone kept at Oraibe and seen by Messrs. John W. Young and Andrew S [?] Gibson".
E. A. M. [Mearns?]
Petroglyphs at Campbell's Ranch on Beaver Creek.
Petroglyphs in Emigrant Canyon
2 photos.
E. W. Nelson
(Drawings) South of Saratoga Spring, Death Valley. 1p.
San Bernadino Co.
Sandstone inscriptions. Letter, O. Loew. 3 pp. total.
Santa Barbara Co.
Drawing, Pictographs in Santa Barbara County. 1p. Human-Like Figures, Insects, and Circular Designs, All in Color. INV 08740000.
Shasta Co.
Edward Hughes. Petroglyph on Bear Creek (4 photos).
Pictograph on boulder at Tule River Agency. 1 p.
Drawing, J. W. Hoffman
Near the Tule River Agency. 2 pp.
Sierra Nevada Mountains
Drawing, J. G. Bruff, 1 October 1850. "Ancient hieroglyphic records…on eastern slope of Sierra Nevada," 1 p. MS 2372_34.
Cyrus F. Newcomb
Petroglyphs found on cliffs on Rock Creek (3 mounted photos).
New Haven Co.
2 letters, Clifford A. H. Bartlett. Sept 20, 1886; Oct 9, 1886, Petroglyph found on the bank of the Housatonic River.
Oneida Co. (?)
12 drawings, G. K. Gilbert. Pictographs on basalt boulders.
Idaho Territory
Letter, H. T. Wolfe. Basalt rocks carved with hieroglyphic symbols, 2 pp.
Gollatin Co.
5 letters, C. J. Lemen. Pictographic stone found in mound near New Haven.
Jackson Co.
Letter, J. R. Nissley. Picture rock on farm of Wm. Talbot, Kinkade Township, 1 p.
3 letters, Horatio N. Rust
Davenport Tablets, 7 pp.
Letter, Cyrus Thomas
Davenport Tablets, 11 pp.
Kiowa Co.
2 drawings, Mark White. Pictographs near Belvidere, Kansas. (MS 2372_06 and 2372_07).
Cumberland Co.
Letter, Charles Hallock. Picture rock near Lake Sebago, 2 pp.
Washington Co.
"Ancient Indian Inscription at Machiasport" from History of Maine (Photo rep) 2 pp.
Twenty-One Page Copy of Rock Pictures from Pipestone Co., Minnesota Rubbing
Drawings, W. H. Holmes, 1892. INV 08740100: One volume containing 21 drawings of rock pictures from Pipestone Co., Minnesota. Four drawings are designated 2372_20, 2372_21, 2372_25, 2372_42. 25 pp. Depicts Various Animals and Human Forms.
Ft. Assiniboine
Letter, Charles Hallock. Rock pictures at Ft. Assiniboine, 2 pp.
Dakota Co.
J. H. Quick. 5 page description and 5 photos [photos possibly by W. G. Linn].
Esmeralda Co.
2 letters and drawing, E. H. Tomlinson, Dec 9, 1902; reply from W. H. Holmes. Carved rock in Walker Valley, 3 pp.
Drawing, J. C. Hazlett
Inscriptions cut in rocks on Carson River, 3 pp.
Letter and photo, M. A. Marsh
Petroglyphs found near Ft. Churchill.
Nye Co.
Drawing, G. K. Gilbert(?). Rock etchings at Reveille, 1 p.
Leon Butte
Drawing, W. J. McGee. Rock pictures on Leone Butte, 2 pp.
Truckee River
Letter, Chas. H. Cox. Pictured granite rock on Truckee River, 4 pp.
Escondido
6 drawings, W. J. Whitney. Rock pictures.
McKinley Co.
Description and illustration, Mr. Hodge. Characters carved in sandstone, 2 pp.
Rio Arriba Co.
Letter and map. Edwin A. Hiel. Pictographs near Embudo, 9 pp.
F. Klett
Rock paintings. (rep. of illustration) 2 pp.
10 drawings, W. H. Holmes
Pictographs on the Rio San Juan.
Santa Fe or Sandoval Co.
Description and map, Gilbert Thompson. Pictographs at La Cienaga, 2 pp.
Mrs. Stevenson
Pictographs copied from rocks. 3 pp.
Petroglyphs
No source. Ojo de Benado., South of Zuni. 4 pp.
Ulster Co.
M. Shoonmaker. Petroglyphs found near Kingston. (11 pp., 3 photos).
Long Island
Drawing, Daniel G. Brinton. Inscribed tablet from Long Island, NY.
4 letters, Robert Clark and Isaac Hall
3 letters, Robert Clark, May 27, June 4, July 23, 1880; 1 letter, Isaac Hall, July 20, 1880, Inscribed rock found in mound, 8 pp.
Illustrated Cosmos, Chicago
(Magazine article) "The Zanesville Hieroglyphs" pictographic mummy headstones found near Zanesville, OH.
Williams Co.
P. W. Norris. Note on hieroglyphics, 1 pp.
Washington Co./Yamhill Co.
A. S. Gatschet. Rock inscriptions in Patten's Valley (description with illustrations), 6 pp.
Lake Co./Klamath Co.
4 drawings, Dr. James S. Denison, 1860? Copy of Picture on Rock at Kta-Iti, 1 pp. (INV 08740700, 08740800, 08740900, 08741000).
Newspaper book review of James Terry, "Sculptured Anthropoid Ape Heads". The Sun, April 5, 1891. 1 p. Criticism of same, 6 pp.
Copy of Picture on Rock at Kta-Iti Drawing
Copy of Picture on Rock at Kta-Iti Drawing
NAA INV.08740700
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
Light Pink Cross with Horizontal Forked Ends
drawing
Copy of Pictures on Rock at Kta-Iti Drawing
NAA INV.08740800
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
Three Sets of Concentric Circles with Alternating Colors
drawing
Copy of Pictures on Rock at Kta-Iti Drawing
NAA INV.08740900
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
One Yellow and Two Pink Designs
drawing
Copy of Pictures on Rock at Kta-Iti Drawing
Copy of Pictures on Rock at Kta-Iti Drawing
NAA INV.08741000
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
Two Red and White Herring Bone Designs, Four Gray Designs, and Gray and Red Design
drawing
2 letters and drawing, L. W. Brown
Picture Rock near Redstone, 4 pp.
2 letters, J. Sutton Wall
"Picture Rocks" overlooking Monongahela River, description of mound burials, 11 pp.
Letter, J. Sutton Wall
Tracing of Geneve Picture Rock, 2 photos.
Drawing, P. W. Sheafer
Rock pictures, 1 p.
Letter, Thomas Wilson
Inscription on Indian God Rock, 1 pp.
Anderson Co.
Letter, W. W. Clark. Pictured rocks below Clarksville, on Cumberland River, 4pp.
Maryville Co.
Letter, W. G. McNilley. Stone with inscription in Spanish near old fort used by DeSoto, 4 pp.
San Sabo Co.
Letter, J. C. Kimbell, June 24, 1886. Pictographs on surface of iron deposits, 1 pp; Drawing, J. J. Saltery, 1864.
Travis Co.
Letter, J. C. [Pillney?]. Small rock sculpture engraved with pictographs, 2 pp.
Pictographs on Cliff in Temple Creek Canyon Drawing
Pictographs on Cliff in Temple Creek Canyon Drawing
NAA INV.08740300
NAA MS.2372: Box 9:
Portion of Pictographs of Serial Number 08740200
drawing
Pictographs on Cliff in Temple Creek Canyon Drawing
Pictographs on Cliff in Temple Creek Canyon Drawing
NAA INV.08740200
NAA MS.2372: Box 9:
Series of Fiugres: Animals, Humans, Tracks, and Other Representations
drawing
NAA INV.08740400
NAA MS.2372: Box 9:
Portion of Pictographs of Serial Number 08740200
drawing
NAA INV.08740500
NAA MS.2372: Box 9:
Bound Notebook with Pictographs and Two Landscapes
drawing
Indian Record on Sandstone Cliff in Rocky Mountains Drawing
Indian Record on Sandstone Cliff in Rocky Mountains Drawing
NAA INV.08740600
NAA MS.2372: Box 9:
Five Men Wearing Fur Costumes; Two Ponies Nearby
drawing
Garfield Co.
G. K. Gilbert, 1876. Pictographs on Cliff in Temple Creek Canyon INV 08740500 (bound notebook), INV 08740300, INV 08740400, "Sketch of Indian markings on cliff, Temple Creek, Utah," "On Fish Lake Sheet, Utah," INV 08740200.
Grand Co.
Letter, G. K. Gilbert. Pictographs on wall of canyon in the Book Cliffs, 2 pp.
Green River Area
Drawing, Bruff(?). Indian Record on Sandstone Cliff in Rocky Mountains. INV 08740600.
Geo. Pope
Petroglyphs in canyon at mouth of Provo River. 2372_43.
G. Thompson
Inscription of rock, Fool Creek Canyon, Utah. 2372_18.
Millard Co.
Drawings, G. K. Dilbert. P. G. Russell, G. Thompson. Black Rock Springs (Fool Creek Canyon), 14 pp.
Other Utah Items in Artwork Collection
2372_08 Utah pictographs; 2372_09 Utah pictographs; 2372_10 "Cataract Canyon Sept 24" [possibly Dellenbaugh?] 2372_11 "Vicinity of square Shinomo ruin" 27 June 1872, Dellenbaugh; 2372_12 Utah pictographs; 2372_13 "US Survey. F. S. Dellenbaugh"; 2372_14 "In cañon from [?] ruin to [Kanab?] Cañon"; 2372_15 Utah pictographs; 2372_16 "Mound Canyon July 2" [Dellenbaugh's writing?]; 2372_17 Utah pictographs.
Letter, C. Bender
Pictured rocks on upper end of Lake Chelan, 3 pp.
Letter, G. Hallock
Painted rocks on Lake Chelan, 1pp.
Harrison Co.
Letter, L. V. McWhiter. Pictured rock, 1 pp.
Letter, Charles Hallock
Pertains to 6 states – Pictographs, 7pp.
2 letters, Henry G. Mercer
Pictographs - no mention as to where specimens were found, 7 pp.
H. R. T.(?)
Rock pictures near Birch Pt., south of rock pictures at Clarks Pt., no state given., 1 p.
Letter from Mallery to Thomas Wilson, curator, U. S. National Museum
5 pp.
Letter from J. W. Powell to Mallery
Concerning scope of pictograph researches. 2 pp.
Letter from J. W. Powell to Prof. E. B. Taylor, University Museum, Oxford, England
2 pp.
Arranged by world geographical region.
Jan 6, 1883; June 2, 1883, 2 pp.
2 letters, A. W. Hewitt
July 15, 1887, Feb 15, 1888, "Notes of Australian Pictographs," 7 pp.
Tattoo on Papuan Chief
(Reproduction), 1 pp.
Description: Bamboo
Engraved from the Isle of Pines, 3 pp.
Letter and drawings, Lady Elizabeth Blake
Petroglyphs from Hartford Cave, 19 pp. (INV 08741100–08741500).
3 letters, W. K. Brookes
Petroglyphs from Hartford Cave, 7 pp.
No source (by Mallery?)
Petroglyphs in Hartford Cave, 5 pp.
Four Faces, Circular and Semi-Circular Figures
NAA INV.08741100
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
drawing
NAA INV.08741200
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
Three Faces and Design
drawing
NAA INV.08741300
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
Four Face-Like Shapes And Two Other Designs
drawing
NAA INV.08741400
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
SIx Face-Like Shapes and Other Designs
drawing
NAA INV.08741500
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
drawing
New Brunswick
Letter, E. P. Upham. Bas-relief sculpture, 1 p.
Letter, E. D. Davison
Pictographic(?) rock, 4 pp.
Letter, Andrew K. Ober
Kejimkujik Lake, Fairy Rock Drawings, 3pp.
5 letters, Geo. Creed
Fairy Rock Inscriptions, 16 pp. Drawings: 2372_22 and 2372_23.
Drawings: Fairy Rock Inscriptions
107 sheets A1-N40.
Letter, George M. Dawson
Kejimkujik Lake, Nova Scotia, 1 p.
Inscription (sketch) from a silver disc once belonging to Nicholas Dana, former Governor of the Passamaquoddy Indians
Draft of report, Mallery(?)
Fairy Rock Inscriptions, 41 pp.
Quebec
Mallery to Père Arnaud, O.M.I., June 11, 1887; Mallery to Rev. Père Supérieur Grenier, O.M.I., July 23, 1890; 2 Letters from Rev. Grenier, Oct 11, 1887, and July 26, 1890. 8 pp.
Sonora, Mexico
Drawing, J. L. Van Ornus - Rock Carvings, 1 p.
Ancient Mexico
Use of Pictographic symbols to designate specific persons, particularly in Ancient Mexico. No source. 3 pp; Letter, Lewis H. Beesen, Aug 27, 1888, 1 pp.
Chile
Prof. Edwyn C. Reed. Photo of Pictographic rock, 1 p.
Honduras and Guatemala
Gustav Eisey. Hieroglyphic inscriptions – Copán, Honduras and Petén, Guatemala.
Peru
Photo reproductions of illustrations in Charles Wiener "Pérou et Bolivie, récit de voyage, suivi d'études archéologiques et ethnographiques et de notes sur l'écriture et les langues des populations indiennes". 4 pp. and 1 drawing.
Venezuela
Description, Pre-Columbian painting. 1 p.
Chinese Chrestomathy
E. C. Bridgman, Chinese Chrestomathy, 1 p.
Otaru, Japan
2 Letters, name illegible, 2 pp. Inscriptions cut on side of a cliff - Otaru, Japan.
Takaoka, Japan
Picture on Dotaku or "Bronze Bell"; Excerpt, in translation, from article by K. Wakabayashi - Bulletin of Tokyo Anthro Society, Vol VII, No 67. Oct 1891. 2 pp.
Samples of Chinese and Japanese pictographs 2pp.
Inscriptions in India compared to Hebrew, Arabian, Phoenician, Greek and Roman characters
No source. Written on Dept of Interior paper, circa 1880s.
Assyrian arrowheads and Jewish books
From "Talk at a Country House" by Edward Strachey; in
Egyptian and other pictographic examples
From
INV 08741600, Painted warriors wearing feathered bonnets and fighting, James W. Martin July 31, 1891 [Delaware?]; Pictographs of Animals and Other Abstract Designs Drawing, INV 08741800, Tracings on waxed paper, no date or source, 2 pp.
Two Costumed Drawing
INV 08741600. Painted Warriors Wearing Feathered Bonnets and Fighting.
Pictographs of Animals and Other Abstract Designs Drawing
INV 08741800.
Unidentified Petroglyphs
Possibly part of W. H. Holmes series, Pipestone, Minnesota, 1892.
Letter, Joseph Bush, May 15, 1877. 2 pp; Sketch taken in Po Cañon, signed H. C. D. 1 p; Notes by Prof A. H. Thompson, M.S.S.E. 1 p.
Letter, Alfred Riggs
2 pp.
Unidentified circular stones with perforation and carved in center
No source or date. 3 duplicate photos.
Unidentified pictograph: "Foster's" [the rest is illegible]
Unidentified Pictographs
Draft letter, no date or source. 2 pp. Drawing, no date or source. 2 pp. Photocopy of artifact.
Unidentified rubbings from Petroglyphs collected by Norris
Unidentified rubbings from Petroglyphs collected by Norris
Unidentified rubbings from Petroglyphs collected by Norris
1 p. INV 08741700.
NAA INV.08741700
NAA MS.2372: Box 10:
Human Figures, Animals, and Various Geometric Designs
Rubbing
4 pp. Petroglyphs.
4 oversized folded drawings
2372_02 Rubbing; 2372_03 Rubbing, Labeled "Thunderbird"; 2372_04 Rubbing, Labeled (in part) "Like Pueblo dragonfly"; 2372_05 Rubbing - unidentified.
1 p.
Arranged by culture or by subject.
Partial draft of paper on the Abnaki Indians [by Mallery?]
Two Abnaki Men Paddling Canoe
Drawing. INV 08741900. Drawing and explanation is from Kennebec Co., Maine, 1820; sent to USNM by the Rev. Frederick Gardiner, no catalog or accession numbers.
NAA INV.08741900
NAA MS.2372: Box 11:
drawing
(Original drawings): INV 08742000, 08742100, 08742200, 08742300.
Takzi drawing of hunters pursuing pronghorn antelope and deer
Takzi drawing of hunters pursuing pronghorn antelope and deer
INV 08742000. Graphite, crayon, and ink on paper.
Takzi drawing of white man and Indian with shield on horseback, and another warrior with shield standing by fallen horse
Takzi drawing of white man and Indian with shield on horseback, and another warrior with shield standing by fallen horse
INV 08742100. Inscription in two places reads "DisLisle." Graphite, crayon, and ink on cardboard.
Takzi drawing of four warriors with shields, lances, and firearms on horseback
Takzi drawing of four warriors with shields, lances, and firearms on horseback
INV 08742200. Inscription reads "H. W. Henshaw." This drawing is partially copied in INV 08746400. Graphite, crayon, and ink on cardboard.
Anonymous partial copy of Takzi drawing of two warriors with shields, lances, and firearms on horseback
Anonymous partial copy of Takzi drawing of two warriors with shields, lances, and firearms on horseback
INV 08746400. This drawing is a partial copy of INV 08742200 and was filed with a number of unidentified Native American drawings in MS 2372. Graphite on paper.
Takzi drawing of three warriors with shields on horseback, one figure incomplete
Takzi drawing of three warriors with shields on horseback, one figure incomplete
INV 08742300. Inscription on verso reads: "Anadarko, Ind[ian] Terr[itor]y, Kiowa & Comanche Agency." Graphite, crayon, and ink on cardboard.
Arikara, see Box 14, Folder 1
Cheyenne
Pictograph by Chief Wild Hog, Cheyenne, August 1878. Ft. Dodge, Kansas; Letter and copy of drawing, Dr. J. Odenbaugh, Dec 30, 1889. 3 pp.
Printed diagrams and descriptions. 2 pp.
Pictographic letter written by an Ojibwa girl, daughter of a Mide'
1 p.
13 plates from "The Mide'wiwin or Grand Medicine Society of the Ojibwa," BAE 7th Annual Report (1885-1886). Leech Lake and Red Lake, Minnesota.
Ojibwa pictograph on a pipestem, possibly fraudulent
1 p.
An Ojibwa experience
14 pp. Typed.
The Jossakeed
4 pp. Handwritten, and included in the typed document in the previous folder.
INV 08742401 and 08742402.
Copy of Pictographic Bark Chart Representing Four Degrees of Mide'wiwin Society with Bear Tracks Drawing
INV 08742401.
Copy of Pictographic Bark Chart Representing Origin of Mide'wiwin Society of the Ojibwa Drawing
INV 08742402.
INV 08742500.
Copy of Ojibwa Pictograph from Pipestem Drawing
INV 08742500.
See sub-series 3.4 for drawings of Black Crow, and drawings and correspondence relating to Dakota Winter Counts.
1 p. INV 08631100. Sent to the BAE by Rev. S. D. Hinman of Standing Rock Agency, who obtained it in 1883 from Standing Rock agent Major McLaughlin, to whom it had been delivered by Chief Big Road when required to give an account of his followers. The drawing was made for the occasion with materials procured at the agency (Mallery, 10th Annual Report, BAE, p. 420). Selected images published in BAE 10th AR, Pl. XXVI and XXVII.
Pictorial census of heads of families of Big Road's band of Oglala, with name glyphs
Pictorial census of heads of families of Big Road's band of Oglala, with name glyphs
INV 08631100. Laminated. Colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor on paper. See catalog card and BAE 4th AR for translation of names of band members.
Photocopy 1 p.
Reproduced as Fig. 583-637 in BAE 10th Annual Report (1888-1889). 21 pp.
Unidentified notes on Dakotas
5 pp.
Letter, J. S. F. Trumbell
Names of Dakota totemic families, 3 pp.
Letter, John P. Williamson
Names of Dakota totemic families, 2 pp.
Original drawings in sketchbook. Also other correspondence re. Dakota. INV 08742601, 08742602, 08742603, 08742604, 08742605, 08742606, 08742607, 08742608, 08742609.
NAA MS.2372, Box 11
Nine drawings, two unfinished, depict scenes of warfare and men on horseback and include identifying captions in an unknown hand. Five drawings include a name glyph for Red Dog; one has a glyph for Black Crow; another is identified in an inscription as Two Strikes. The drawings are by multiple artists. Bound volume with board covers and pencil loop containing 8 leaves of unruled paper. Drawings on verso of seven leaves and inside covers. Inside front cover stamped with name and address of an art supply dealer in Washington, DC. All completed images include captions written by an unidentified source. Note: The drawings had separated from the binding when inventory numbers were assigned and have been rebound in a different order believed to represent the original location (see records in conservation files.)
Red Dog (Shun-ka Lu-ta) was an Oglala chief from the Red Cloud Agency.
The drawings are by two or three artists. NAA INV 08742601 is identified by Mallery as Two Strikes; 08742609 and part of 08742603 are assumed to be by Red Dog; the third artist is unidentified, and is assumed to have drawn the rest of 08742603.
United States -- Nebraska -- Red Cloud Agency.
United States -- Nebraska -- Red Cloud.
MS 2372-11 LRD-000
Two Strikes drawing of his head and torso, with images of 4 pipes to indicate war parties led and 12 heads to indicate enemies killed
INV 08742601. Two Strikes identified as the artist by Garrick Mallery. Two inscriptions in different hands. First reads: "This is [Mr.?] Two Strike he has kill this many man he is one of the Chifes [sic]." Second reads: "Two Strike - killed twelve men, and led 4 war parties (at different times)." Graphite and colored pencil. Fig. 547, "Picture Writing of the American Indians" by Garrick Mallery, 10th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for 1888-89, Washington DC 1893.
Unfinished anonymous Lakota drawing of man on horseback
INV 08742602. Graphite and colored pencil.
Lakota drawing of battle scene, with warrior with crooked lance identified by name glyph as Red Dog
INV 08742603. Inscription at bottom reads: "Captured seven horse from the Pani [i.e. Pawnee] Indians in 1839, was wounded in the leg and had his horse shot." Graphite and colored pencil. Candace Green noted that the artist of the human figure is most likely Red Dog, while the artist of the horse is the anonymous Lakota artist responsible for inventory numbers 08742602 and 08742604-08742609.
Unfinished anonymous Lakota drawing of horse
INV 08742604. Graphite and colored pencil.
Anonymous Lakota drawing of battle scene, with warrior with shield identified by name glyph as Red Dog
INV 08742605. Inscription reads: "Red Dog Was Hit with a Bow, a Spear, and Two Arrows Penetrated the Shield, Three Arrows Hit the Horse. Attacked by Gros Ventres [i.e., Hidatsa?]. 1835." Graphite and colored pencil.
Anonymous Lakota drawing of battle scene, with warrior identified by name glyph as Black Crow
INV 08742606. Inscription reads: "Black Crow Cut a Pani [i.e., Pawnee] in the Head with a Sabre, his Horse Being Wounded with an Arrow. 1858." Graphite and colored pencil.
Anonymous Lakota drawing of battle scene, with warrior with fur-wrapped lance identified by name glyph as Red Dog
INV 08742607. Inscription reads: "A Pani Shot Red Dog in the Abdomen, and the Horse in the Ear. 1838." Graphite and colored pencil.
Anonymous Lakota drawing of battle scene, with warrior with shield identified by name glyph as Red Dog
INV 08742608. Inscription reads: "Red Dog Killed a Crow Indian and Woman in 1854." Graphite and colored pencil.
Lakota drawing, probably by Red Dog, of battle scene, with warrior identified by name glyph as Red Dog shooting at row of tipis
INV 08742609. Inscription reads: "Red Dog Attacks a Mandan Village at Night, Shot Through Three Tents and Killed Four Indians, in 1843." Graphite and colored pencil.
2372_19.
Original drawings and accompanying letter of W. J. Johnson, 13 April 1885. INV 08745501, 08745502, 08745601, 08745602.
Little Big Man drawing of battle scene, with two warriors wearing blue and yellow hairlock shirt, one identified with name glyph, counting coup on series of enemies
INV 08745501. Inscription in upper right hand corner reads: "Little Big Man['s?] fight with the Crow Indians." Graphite and crayon on ruled paper.
Little Big Man drawing of battle scene, with warrior wearing blue and yellow hairlock shirt counting coup on enemies
INV 08745502. Inscription reads: "Little Big Man." Graphite and crayon on ruled paper.
Little Big Man drawing of battle scene, with warrior with horned headdress counting coup on enemy
INV 08745601. Graphite and crayon on ruled paper.
Little Big Man drawing of battle scene, with warrior with feathered headdress striking enemy in horned headdress
INV 08745602. Graphite and crayon on ruled paper.
Photocopy of Manuscript document. 4 pp. Original Document in USNM, Accession Number 4515. The drawings, said to have been made at Cheyenne River Agency in 1869, have not been located. (DeMallie, in Nurge App. III, 329).
Red Cloud Agency
List of residents at Red Cloud Agency. 8 pp.
2 letters, V. T. McGillycuddy to Mallery
Aug 17, Sept 15, 1884, 2 pp.
NAA MS.2372, Box 11
Four drawings on four leaves of ruled paper. Drawings depict scenes of warfare with Crow enemies. Two page letter of transmittal from Willard D. Johnson, April 13, 1885 included in manuscript.
According to the collector, Little Big Man was a sub chief under Red Cloud on the Rosebud Reservation.
United States -- South Dakota -- Rosebud Agency.
United States -- South Dakota -- Rosebud Indian Reservation.
MS 2372-11 LBM-000
Eskimo drawing, St. Michaels, Alaska, Franz Boas 1 p., INV 08742900; Copies of Pictographic Ivory Carvings, Aug 31, 1882, J. W. Hoffman, INV 08742700, INV 08742800, and three un-numbered drawings.
Picture of Eskimo at St. Michael's Returning to (-) House Drawing
INV 08742900.
Copy of Pictographic Ivory Carvings Drawing
INV 08742700. Four Rows of Animal Depictions.
Copy of Four SIdes of Pictographic Ivory Carving with Human Head at One End Drawing
INV 08742800.
Letter, James G. Swan
Similarities between Haida and ancient Mexican carving 2 pp.
Haida Tatoos. Printed illustrations and drawings copied from life by James G. Swan
INV 08743000. 3 pp.
Copy of Tattoo Design Drawing
INV 08743000. Skulpin Orginally on Right Leg of Woman.
INV 09053200.
Labelled by W. J. Hoffman, 1881. 14 pp. INV 08743100, 08743200, 08743300, 08743400, 08744100, 08744200, 08744300, 08744400, 08744500, 08744700, 08744800, 08745000, 08745300.
Lean Wolf drawing of village scene with earth lodge and drying racks holding corn of various colors
Lean Wolf drawing of village scene with earth lodge and drying racks holding corn of various colors
INV 08743100. Graphite and colored pencil.
Lean Wolf drawing of a front view of himself and another man, both seated and dressed in elegant regalia
INV 08743200. Lean Wolf, identified by name glyph, holds pipe, war club, and a scalp on a pole. Graphite, ink, and colored pencil.
Lean Wolf drawing of himself facing Sioux enemy
Lean Wolf drawing of himself facing Sioux enemy
INV 08743300. Inscription on verso reads: "When aged 23 years, Sioux attack." Lean Wolf, shown with face and body paint, identified by name glyph. Graphite and ink.
Lean Wolf drawing of kneeling figure with wooden mortar and pestle
INV 08743400. Ink.
Lean Wolf drawing of himself hunting buffalo from horseback with bow and arrow
Lean Wolf drawing of himself hunting buffalo from horseback with bow and arrow
INV 08744100. Inscription on verso reads: "Shot at night." Lean Wolf identified by name glyph. Graphite and colored pencil.
Lean Wolf drawing of himself scouting an enemy camp with three tipis
Lean Wolf drawing of himself scouting an enemy camp with three tipis
INV 08744200. Inscription on verso reads: "When aged 22, age 61, attack on Sioux, wolf." Lean Wolf, identified by name glyph, shown carrying a pipe and flintlock and wearing a feather headdress. Dashed lines represent foot prints and indicate that he approached the enemy camp alone as a scout, or "wolf." Graphite.
Lean Wolf drawing of himself grasping horns of a swimming buffalo
Lean Wolf drawing of himself grasping horns of a swimming buffalo
INV 08744300. Inscription on verso reads: "When aged 21, drowned a buffalo." Lean Wolf identified by name glyph. Graphite.
Lean Wolf drawing of two men in rear view standing on top of earth lodge, with male and female figures in foreground with dog
INV 08744400. Graphite.
Lean Wolf drawing of three Hidatsa, led by him, attacking a group of Sioux
Lean Wolf drawing of three Hidatsa, led by him, attacking a group of Sioux
INV 08744500. Inscription on verso reads: "3 Hidatsa attack and chase 3 Sioux, when a[ge]d 24." Graphite and ink.
Lean Wolf drawing of running buffalo with blue eyes
INV 08744700. Graphite and ink.
Lean Wolf drawing of himself carrying pipe and pursuing enemies represented by a drawing of two heads and a row of horse hoof prints
Lean Wolf drawing of himself carrying pipe and pursuing enemies represented by a drawing of two heads and a row of horse hoof prints
INV 08744800. Inscription on verso reads: "Partisan when aged 32, sign given." The term "partisan" indicates the leader of a war party. Lean Wolf identified by name glyph. He is shown wearing a feather bonnet and a coat made from a trade blanket. Graphite and colored pencil.
Lean Wolf drawing of himself being threatened by a wounded buffalo
Lean Wolf drawing of himself being threatened by a wounded buffalo
INV 08745000. Inscription on verso reads: "When aged 22; buffalo shot through heart and reared but fell back." Lean Wolf identified by name glyph. Graphite.
Lean Wolf map showing the course of a horse raid that he made from the Hidatsa village at Fort Berthold to the Sioux village at Fort Buford
Lean Wolf map showing the course of a horse raid that he made from the Hidatsa village at Fort Berthold to the Sioux village at Fort Buford
Inscription on verso reads: "Aged 22, Attack on Buford (Sioux lodges)." Graphite. A detailed explanation of the map is provided in Mallery, 10th Annual Report of the BAE, p. 342.
INV 08743500, 08743600, 08743700, 08743800, 08743900, 08744000, 08744600, 08744900, 08745100, 08745400; (08745200 in its own box - fragile).
Hidatsa drawing, possibly by Lean Wolf, of two men shooting at birds with arrow and gun
INV 08743500. Ink.
Hidatsa drawing, possibly by Lean Wolf, of Lean Wolf on horseback with shield and lance attacked unmounted enemy
INV 08743600. Graphite and colored pencil.
Lean Wolf drawing of himself on horseback, wearing feather bonnet and carrying pipe to indicate that he is leader of a war party
Lean Wolf drawing of himself on horseback, wearing feather bonnet and carrying pipe to indicate that he is leader of a war party
INV 08743700. Inscribed on verso: "Partisan A." Hoffman used the term "partisan" to describe the leader of a war party. Graphite, colored pencil, and ink. Illustrated: 4th AR-BAE p. 168; 10th BAE-AR p. 425.
Hidatsa drawing, possibly by Lean Wolf, of three scenes : warrior with bow lance; man with pipe outside sweat lodge; man, woman, and dog
INV 08743800. Graphite.
Hidatsa drawing, possibly by Lean Wolf, of man on horseback with bow and arrows hunting buffalo
INV 08743900. Graphite and ink.
Hidatsa drawing, possibly by Lean Wolf, of standing man and woman, with rear view of three men on horseback
INV 08744000. Graphite, ink, and watercolor.
Hidatsa drawing, possibly by Lean Wolf, of rear view of four men dressed in ceremonial attire, including beaded or quilled robes and beaded leggings
INV 08744600. This drawing is on the same type of paper as another drawing by Lean Wolf, NAA INV 08745200, which was collected at Ft. Berthold in 1881. Ink and colored pencil.
Lean Wolf drawing of himself on horseback carrying a lance and a pipe to indicate that he is the leader of a war party
Lean Wolf drawing of himself on horseback carrying a lance and a pipe to indicate that he is the leader of a war party
INV 08744900. Lean Wolf identified by name glyph. Inscribed on verso, "Partisan A2." Inscription probably by Walter Hoffman, who used th term partisan to indicate the leader of a war party. Ruled sheet, embossed at top center "EH Over" in small cartouche. Graphite, crayon, and paint.
Lean Wolf drawing of hunter on show shoes and wearing wolf skin over head pursuing buffalo bull and cow
INV 08745100. Graphite.
Lean Wolf drawing of hunter on show shoes and wearing wolf skin over head pursuing buffalo bull and cow
INV 08745200. Inscription at bottom reads: "Lean Wolf = Hidatsa." Ink and watercolor.
Anonymous Hidatsa drawing of group of dancers, two wearing bustles, with various marks representing their war honor painted on their bodies and clothing
Anonymous Hidatsa drawing of group of dancers, two wearing bustles, with various marks representing their war honor painted on their bodies and clothing
INV 08745400. Inscription reads: "Hidatsa dancers bearing exploit marks." Probably a copy of a drawing produced in this form for publication. Described in publication as by "a Hidatsa at Fort Berthold." Ink wash on heavy paper. Illus, Pl. XXX, 10th AR-BAE, following page 440.
Anonymous Hidatsa drawing of man with antelope skin over head hunting pronghorn antelope
Anonymous Hidatsa drawing of man with antelope skin over head hunting pronghorn antelope
INV 08745300. Inscription on recto at bottom reads: "Reduce this line to 4 3/8 inches exact.." Inscription on verso reads: "Hunting Antelope, Hidatsa." Ink and watercolor. Illustrated, 10th AR-BAE, p. 533, fig. 746.
NAA MS.2372, Box 11
Scenes of hunting, warfare, and village life representing events in the life of the artist, as identified in captions on verso of many images. Drawn on blank backs of ruled, printed index cards.
Lean Wolf, also known as Poor Wolf. Name transcribed as Tce-caq-a-daq-a-qic by Mallery, who identified him as a chief of the Hidatsa. He was reportedly born in 1820, and was part of a delegation photographed in Washington in 1880.
Walter J. Hoffman, 1846-1899, was a BAE employee who assisted Garrick Mallery with his study of sign language. He visited Fort Berthold, Dakota in 1881 to collect data.
These drawings were intermixed with other Hidatsa drawings, but appear to have been created on a different occasion.
United States -- Dakota Territory -- Fort Berthold Agency.
United States -- North Dakota -- Fort Berthold Indian Reservation.
MS 2372-11 LW-000
NAA MS.2372, Box 11
Scenes of hunting, warfare, and camp life. Loose drawings on various types of paper, originally filed together in Mallery's papers under the heading Hidatsa. Several but not all are by Lean Wolf.
Lean Wolf, also known as Poor Wolf. Name transcribed as Tce-caq-a-daq-a-qic by Mallery, who identified him as a chief of the Hidatsa. He was reportedly born in 1820, and was part of a delegation photographed in Washington in 1880.
Walter J. Hoffman, 1846-1899, was a BAE employee who assisted Garrick Mallery with his study of sign language. He visited Fort Berthold, Dakota in 1881 to collect data.
These drawings were intermixed with other Hidatsa drawings, but appear to have been created on a different occasion.
United States -- Dakota Territory -- Fort Berthold Agency.
United States -- North Dakota -- Fort Berthold Indian Reservation.
United States -- District of Columbia -- Washington.
MS 2372-11 HDLW-000
Letter, A. H. Keane
4 pp.
Hyde Clarke
Determination of the Ethnological Linguistic Place of the Moundbuilders of America. 13 pp.
M. l'Abbé Nantel
Iroquois words with possible gestures. 1 p.
Letter, Jeremiah Sullivan
2 pp.
2 letters, R. L. Packard and W. J. Hoffman
R. L. Packard to W. J. Hoffman, Nov. 18, 1880, 2 pp; W. J. Hoffman to R. L. Packard, April 1, 1881?, 2 pp.
Blackfoot Language
Letter, [?] Benton. 2 pp. [J. W. Shultz - Agt Benton - Montana]
Letter, [?]
3 pp.
Zuni Salutations
No name. 3 pp.
"The Beginnings of Speech" excerpt from
2 pp.
3 pp. Gestures indicating death.
Pictographic mnemonics for certain sacred songs.
See MS 3176.
Kiowa
2 letters, James Mooney, May 11 -13, 1891. Kiowa pictographic writing from Oklahoma, Kiowa letter and partial translation and other Kiowa correspondence.
Micmac Hieroglyphics, Nova Scotia. Historical references
No name. 4 pp.
Rough draft of section on "Micmac Hieroglyphics" in Mallery's paper on pictographs, BAE 10th Annual Report (1888-1889)
12 pp.
Micmac and Abenaki
2 letters, Edward Jack, June 14; 27, 1887; Micmac and Abenaki pictographs and inscriptions, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Maine, 8 pp.
Letter, John Gilmary Shea
Micmac hieroglyphics, 3 pp.
Montagnais
G. Mallery to Reverend Father B. La Casse. Letter of inquiry: pictographic and Bark records. 2 pp.
Pictographic symbols representing the Passamaquoddy, Mareschite, Micmac and Penobscot - obtained by Sapiel Selmo [of the Passamaquoddy tribe]
7 pp.
Passamaquoddy pictographic writings
Drawings and interpretations, Sapiel Selmo, Historian of the Passamaquoddy tribe at Pleasant Point, Maine. 19 pp. INV 09745700, 08745800, 08745900.
Gone Hunting Drawing
INV 08745700. Pictographic Writing: Figure Wearing Snowshoes And Pulling Sled Behind.
I Am Going Up the Lake Drawing
INV 08745800. Pictographic Writing: Figure Walking Toward Lake.
Pictographic Writing Drawing
INV 08745900. Figure Paddling Canoe.
Pictographic map drawn by Sapiel Selmo, Passamaquoddy, of Eastport, Maine
Pencil drawing on birchbark - Fig 150 in BAE 10th Annual Report (1888-1889). Negative of drawing.
Letter, M. C. O'Brien
Pictography among Indians of Maine (Penobscot), 3 pp.
Pictographic letter on birchbark
Pictographic letter on birchbark written by a Penobscot Indian from Old Town, Maine; 2 Letters, 1 postcard and a drawing from the original bark with explanation of pictographs. Abby Langdon Alger, July 17-Nov. 15, 1887. 10 pp.
Mallery, Picture writing on birchbark [among the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot of Maine]. Draft of speech
23 pp. BAE 10th Annual Report (1888-1889).
Letter, S. D. Hinman
Origin of the cross as a religious symbol, 4 pp.
Religious Symbols
H. L. Olcott, (U.S. Commissioner in Bombay, India), Oct 2, 1879; Excerpt - "Vining - An Inglorious Columbus", Cross as a religious object, 2 pp., Religious symbols - comparison, 3 pp.; Quotations from the Bible 2 pp.
The Latin Cross - Notes
4 pp.
Notes on Syro-Aramæans principles of religion
5 pp.
Feet Washing
Letter, A. F. Berlin, Apr 8, 1891. 4 pp.; 2 Letters, S. M. [Lever] - March 2, 1891; April 1, 1891. 2 pp.
Notes - "Regard for children and youth - The value dress and ornament". S. D. H.
6 pp.
Letter, S. H. Zahm, Feet Washing
3 pp.
Salish
Letter, Rev. M. Eeles, Healing Practices - picture writing.
Facsimile of original pictographic signatures to preliminary articles of lease between the Senecas of New York and Sir William Johnson
From Doc. Hist. of N. Y., Vol. VII, p. 621.
Letter, William Young
Signatures of Indian Chiefs of the Six Nations, copied from the real estate records. 1 p. Also tracing made by Young from an original deed. 2 pp.
Letter, [N. V. Burtin]
June [July?] 27, 1887. 2 pp. Pictographs.
1 p.
The Blind Men and the Elephant - lyric signed P. B. Wills
Letter, Harry Fielding Reid
Postcard, P. A. Emery
1 p.
Letter, Prof. O'Reilly
1 p. Tattoo over vaccination mark.
Letters concerning information sources on various islands in Oceania
Horace J. Taylor, Sept 29, 1882. 1 p.; C. E. Dittin, June 25, 1882. 3 pp.; Alex Taché, Jan 30, 1886. 4 pp.; Titus M. Coan, March 31, 1882. 4 pp.; Titus M. Coan, March 1, 1882. 1 p.
Winnebago
Drawing by a Winnebago Indian of the Battle of Hard River, fought against the Sioux by Gen. Sully's command. INV 08594000.
See MS 5967.
Yuma
W. H. Corbusier. Description, Yuman ceremonies in which the making of sand pictures was prominent, observed near Camp Verde, Arizona. 3 pp.
INV 08746000, Fight Between Dog and Bear, undated;
INV 87461000, Outline of altar, undated, J. Sullivan;
INV 08746200, Altar, Women's dance, undated, J. Sullivan;
INV 08746300, Three Figures in Costume with Antlers, Climbing Pole with Antelope on Top, undated;
INV 08746400, [Plains drawing, graphite], undated.
NAA MS.2372, Box 11
Four drawings on cardboard with scenes of hunting, warfare, and mounted warriors, plus one leaf with partial copy of a drawing on each side, probably produced for publication (NAA INV 08746400).
One of the drawings was removed from a brittle substrate; see conservation files for more information.
NAA INV 08746400 is a copy of NAA INV 08742200 done by an anonymous copyist and is filed with a set of otherwise unidentified American Indian drawings also in MS 2372, Box 11. The identification of this drawing as a copy of a drawing by Takzi was made by Candace Greene.
Albert S. Gatschet was educated in his native Switzerland and in Germany (University of Bern; University of Berlin, Ph.D., 1892). Early in his career he pursued antiquarian research in European museums and wrote scientific articles. Among his projects was the study of the etymology of place names in Switzerland. After coming to the United States in 1869, he worked on the American Indian vocabularies collected by Oscar Loew of the United State Geographical Survey West of the 100th Meridian (Wheeler Survey); and eventually he was employed as an ethnologist with the United States Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Regions (Powell Survey). He joined the staff of the Bureau of American Ethnology when it was founded in 1879 and continued there until he retired in 1905.
United States -- Indian Territory -- Anadarko.
United States -- Oklahoma -- Anadarko.
MS 2372-11 Takzi-000
Fight Between Dog and Bear Drawing
INV 08746000.
the Return of the Women Drawing
INV 87461000. Altar Decorated with Vegetation and Various Levels Representing Clouds, Rain, and Sand.
Dance of the La Co Na Ma Mana Drawing
Dance of the La Co Na Ma Mana Drawing
INV 08746200. Women's Water Dance: Masked Figures on Altar.
Three Figures in Costume with Antlers, Climbing Pole with Antelope on Top Drawing
INV 08746300.
Hieroglyphic manuscript, belonging to a medicine man among the Mo-so
Photo copy by Pére Desgodins in 1867. 1 p.
Inter-office memo from Dr. Robert Fletcher to Col. Mallery
1 p.
Verse to Miss Isabella Mitchell on her marriage to Dr. William Mackie by David Butler
2 pp.
List of illustrations from "L'Enseignment Primaire des Sourds-Muets, by M. Pélissier?
2 pp.
Photocopy of book page depicting antiquities – notation, Wiene
Page 170.
Letter, Thos. E. Waggaman to Jas. C. Pilling, Chief Clerk SI
Small piece of paper identifying painting.
Fradulent pictograph
Documents pertaining to war robes and Dakota winter counts.
NAA MS.2372
Copy of scenes originally painted on a buffalo robe, now drawn in ink and watercolor on a series of 26 sheets of architect's linen.
Bloody Knife was an Arikara warrior who served as a scout for the US Army. He was killed at the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876.
Philetus W. Norris was superintendent of Yellowstone National Park 1878-82. He was subsequently employed by the Smithsonian's Bureau of American Ethnology to assist with archeological field studies until his death in 1885.
MS 2372 BK-000
Philetus W. Norris, collector & copyist. 4 photo reproductions of section of robe. INV 08631200-08633700.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior with shield on horseback and fallen enemy with two strike marks over head
INV 08631200. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior on horseback with bow extended
INV 08631300. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior with society sash over shoulder and enemies with strike marks over their heads
INV 08631400. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior capturing horse, and fallen enemy with strike marks over his head
INV 08631500. This facsimile is a near duplicate of INV 08631600. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior capturing horse, and fallen enemy with strike marks over his head
INV 08631600. This facsimile is a near duplicate of INV 08631500. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with one warrior striking enemy with butt of gun, and another warrior with buffalo headdress and shield lancing enemy
INV 08631700. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior with feather headdress striking enemy
INV 08631800. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene
INV 08631900. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior with quirt reaching to strike enemy with shield
INV 08632000. This facsimile is a near duplicate of INV 08632100. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior with quirt reaching to strike enemy with shield
INV 08632100. This facsimile is a near duplicate of INV 08632000. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior reaching with bow to strike enemy with shield
INV 08632200. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior wresting a gun from a wounded enemy
INV 08632300. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior using pipe to count coup on two enemies, one with strike marks above head
INV 08632400. Inscription reads: "Neck Ox." Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with dismounted warrior striking enemy with butt of gun
INV 08632500. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior holding up bow to count coup on enemy with strike marks above his head
INV 08632600. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior reaching with bow to count coup on fallen enemy
INV 08632700. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior using butt of gun to count coup on fallen enemy with strike marks over his head
INV 08632800. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior using butt of gun to count coup on fallen enemy
INV 08632900. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of warrior poised to scalp fallen enemy with strike marks over his head
INV 08633000. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior using ramrod to count coup on fallen enemy
INV 08633100. The pipe in the drawing identifies the warrior as the leader of a war party. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior using bow to count coup on fallen enemy
INV 08633200. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior using ramrod to count coup on fallen enemy
INV 08633300. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior with crooked lance facing row of fallen enemies, one wearing a society sash over his shoulder
INV 08633400. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene, with warrior using butt of gun to count coup on fallen enemy wearing warrior society regalia
INV 08633500. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of battle scene
INV 08633600. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of warrior using bow to claim two saddled horses
Facsimile of Bloody Knife drawing of warrior using bow to claim two saddled horses
INV 08633700. Ink, colored pencil, and watercolor on tracing cloth.
No Source. 1 p.
Bloody Knife's Robe - Description
12 pp.
INV 08746500 and INV 08746600.
Scene from Bloody Knife's Robe Drawing
INV 08746500. Indian Aiming Bow and Arrow at Other Indian.
Scene from Bloody Knife's Robe Drawing
INV 08746600. Masked Indian Carrying Spear and Shield.
Pen and Ink drawing incorrectly copied from figure 3 of Black Crow's robe
Drawing of Black Crow's Robe
No INV. #. 3 leafs. Photocopy of drawing.
Representation of a painted buffalo robe, with scenes of the war exploits of a number of men, each identified by a name glyph. Tracing in ink on two lengths of architects linen, adhered horizontally. P. 459, "Picture Writing of the American Indians" by Garrick Mallery, 10th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for 1888-89, Washington DC 1893.
Photos of 2 drawings - Black Crow's Robe
Photos of 3 drawings - [incorrectly copied]
Letter, Alfred L. Riggs
7 pp.
Norris Notes - Black Crow's War Robe
4 pp. Philetus W. Norris was superintendent of Yellowstone National Park 1878-82. He was subsequently employed by the Smithsonian's Bureau of American Ethnology to assist with archeological field studies until his death in 1885.
Interpretation of Black Crow's Robe by Col. Norris
4 pp.
Interpretation of Black Crow's Robe
5 pp.
War Robe of Black Crow
4 pp.
Notes re: Black Crow's Robe
1 pp.
The Flame or The Blaze (Boide) was a Sans Arc by birth who lived most of his life with the Two Kettle band.
Published in a paper by in the 4th Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Also published in The Year the Stars Fell: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian, C. Greene and R. Thornton, eds, 2005.
Drawing. INV 08746700.
the Flame's Winter Count, 1786-1799 Drawing
the Flame's Winter Count, 1786-1799 Drawing
INV 08746700. Twenty-One Pictographs.
Interpretation of Flame's Winter Count (2 copies) by Laravey, Alex
9 pp.
Original by Bo-I-De (The Flame, or The Blaze), a Two Kettle Sioux, 1877. Copied by Lt. H. T. Reed from the original in possession of The Flame, 1877. Accompanied by two handwritten ms. interpretations of the entries, one from Reed, the other from an unknown source. INV 08633800.
The Flame winter count
INV 08633800. Inscription in lower left corner: Flame's history 1877. Copy of a pictographic winter count covering the period 1786-1876 drawn in black and red ink on muslin. See the BAE 4th annual report and MS 2327 for description and interpretation of winter count. Ink on muslin.
The Swan was a Minneconjou, a northern band of the Lakota who were settled primarily on the Cheyenne River Reservation. He carried the same name as his father, a well known chief.
Published in a paper by in the 4th Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Also published in The Year the Stars Fell: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian, C. Greene and R. Thornton, eds, 2005.
Tracing by Hoffman, W.T. INV 08633900. Tracing evidently made at the Smithsonian by Walter Hoffman of the BAE, ca. 1872. According to Mallery, Army surgeon Dr. Washington West commissioned several cloth copies of the original hide count in the possession of The Swan. This tracing was made from a photograph of one of the cloth copies (not in the Smithsonian's possession). West obtained the cloth copies and an interpretation of the entries while he was stationed at the Cheyenne River Agency from November 1868 to May 1870.
Tracing of The Swan winter count
INV 08633900. Copy of a pictographic winter count covering the period 1800-1870 drawn in black and red ink on architects linen.
Copy of "Key to the Indian Picture Writing, being a History of the Moinnicoujou Sioux, kept by Little Swan"
7 pp.
3 Photostats of Little Swan's Winter Count
History of the Sioux Nation, as written by Lone Dog
4 pp.
Correspondence re: Lone Dog's Winter Count
S. D. H., April 26, 1877, 2 pp.; Joseph Bush, April 28, 1877, 1 p.; H. T. Reed, May 18, 1877, 4 pp.; H. T. Reed, Jan 18, 1878, 8 pp.; H. T. Reed letter, Jan 18, 1878, 4 pp.; Joseph Bush, Feb 22, 1878, 5 pp.; Luther S. Kelly, June 21, 1891.
Photostat of a copy of Lone Dog's Winter Count [1800 - 1871]
Copy made by Lieutenant Hugh T. Reed, from a facsimile in the possession of Basil Clement.
Lone Dog's Winter Count
Interpretations to Lone Dog's Winter Count: Major Joseph Bush's copy procured in 1870 at Cheyenne Agency by Mr. James C. Robb, 5 pp.; Dr. Washington West's copy procured at Cheyenne Agency - Jean Preman, Interpreter, 5 pp.
Notes
2 pp, 6 pp.
Battiste Good's Lakota name was Wapostangi ((Wa-Po-Ctan-Xi)), or Brown Hat. He was Sicangu Lakota (Brulé Sioux) born in 1821.
Bound drawing book containing 19 pages of drawings in graphite, ink, and watercolor on recto surfaces; one small sketch and one page of inscriptions on verso. Four leaves (probably blank) removed at back of volume. The drawings represent a count of the years from 1700 to 1879 with 12 additional pages representing longer periods of years from 900 to 1700.
Good produced this version of his winter count in a book provided by William H. Corbusier in 1880. Corbusier sent the winter count and associated interpretations to Col. Garrick Mallery of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Published in "Picture Writing of the American Indians" by Garrick Mallery, 10th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for 1888-89, Washington DC 1893. See also The Year the Stars Fell: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian, C. Greene and R. Thornton, eds, 2005.
Good produced this version of his winter count in a book provided by William H. Corbusier in 1880. Corbusier sent the winter count and associated interpretations to Col. Garrick Mallery of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Drawing (bound volume): INV 08746801-08746819.
Battiste Good winter count
Battiste Good winter count
Bound drawing book containing 19 pages of drawings in graphite, ink, and watercolor on recto surfaces; one small sketch and one page of inscriptions on verso. Four leaves (probably blank) removed at back of volume. The drawings represent a count of the years from 1700 to 1879 with 12 additional pages representing longer periods of years from 900 to 1700.
Cloud Shield and American Horse produced this version of their winter counts in a book provided by William Corbusier in 1879, either on the Pine Ridge Reservation or nearby Camp Sheridan, Nebraska. Corbusier sent the book and associated interpretations to Col. Garrick Mallery of the Bureau of American Ethnology. American Horse (1840-1908) was an Oglala chief.
Published in papers by Garrick Mallery in the 4th and 10th Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology. See also, The Year the Stars Fell: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian, C. Greene and R. Thornton, eds, 2005.
Cloud Shield's Dakota Winter Count for Years 1777-1879, INV 08746901-08746922; American Horse's Dakota Winter Count for Years 1775-1879, INV 08746923-08746933.
Bound drawing book containing 33 drawings on recto and verso of 17 leaves. The first 22 pages of drawings are by Cloud Shield and represent a count of the years from 1777 to 1878; the next 11 pages of drawings are by American Horse and represent a count of the years from 1775 to 1878-79. Six leaves (probably blank) removed at back of volume. INV 08746901-08746933.
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
Cloud Shield winter count
INV 08746901-08746922. 11 leaves of ink and watercolor drawings, with drawings on both recto and verso. The drawings represent a count of the years from 1777 to 1878. Inscription from leaf 1 recto reads: "Copy by Cloud Shield from the original in his possession."
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
American Horse winter count
INV 08746923-08746933. 6 leaves of ink and watercolor drawings, with drawings on both recto and verso. The drawings represent a count of the years from 1775 to 1878-79.
American Horse. Partial copy of Winter Count depicting years 1775-76 to 1811-12, but excluding 1803-04; full count continues to 1878-79 and includes 1803-04; Original Full Count was done by American Horse, Oglala Sioux, and his Father and Grandfather. 1877 Tracing. Probably produced at the Smithsonian from the original, perhaps by Walter J. Hoffman who made a similar copy of Little Swan's Winter Count. INV 08634000.
Partial copy of American Horse winter count
INV 08634000. Partial copy of a pictographic winter count in the collection drawn in ink on architects linen. This copy covers the period 1775-1812 and is missing the entry for 1803-04. See BAE 4th AR for Description and Interpretation.
Correspondence re: Dakota Winter Count
Dec 18, 1878, 2 pp.; Sept 8, 1884, Wm. H. Corbusier, 4 pp.; Postcard, Nov. 1883, Wm. H. Corbusier, 1 p.; May 11, 1887, Wm H. Corbusier, 4 pp.; Feb 12, 1891, Wm H. Corbusier, 2 pp.
Dakota Winter, W. H. Corbusier
71 pp.
List of names apparently from a winter count
Letter [concerning Dakota calendars], J. K. Homish [Honish?]
12 pp.
Rough draft of pp 89-127, BAE 4th Annual Report (1882-1883)