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Donated by Byron Harvey, III in 1966.
The photographs in the album are in original order. The loose prints are organized into 3 folders.
Byron Harvey, III (1932-2005) was an anthropologist and collector specializing in southwestern American Indian tribes. He was the great-grandson of Frederick Harvey, best known as the founder of the Fred Harvey Company that ran a successful chain of gift shops, restaurants, and hotels known as Harvey Houses. The Company also amassed a collection of American Indian art and sold many collections to museums including the Museum of the American Indian (NMAI's predecessor museum).
The Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition World's Fair was held in Omaha, Nebraska from June 1 to October 1898. Over 500 Indian delegates from over thirty-five different tribes were present at the Fair. James Mooney (Bureau of Ethnology) and Captain William A. Mercer organized and managed the Indian Congress in conjunction with the Exposition. It included "living exhibitions," with mock Indian villages and demonstrations of dances, daily activities, and sham battles.
The official photographer of the U.S. Indian Congress was Frank A. Rinehart (ca. 1862-1928) with his assistant Adolph F. Muhr (ca. 1858-1913). The Rinehart and Muhr photographs are considered one of the most comprehensive photo documentations of American Indian leaders at the turn of the century.
After the Trans-Mississippi Exposition ended, the Greater America Exposition opened on the same fair grounds from July 1, 1899 to October 31, 1899. Herman Heyn and James Matzen won the contract to be the official photographer of the new Exposition. This Exposition featured many of the same buildings and set up as the Trans-Mississippi Exposition of the previous year.
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Byron Harvey, III Collection of Exposition and Portrait photographs, P#####; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Processed by Emily Moazami, Assistant Head Archivist, 2018.
The Haskell Indian Nations University in Lawrence, Kansas has a large collection of Frank Rinehart photographs from U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, including the original glass plate negatives.
The National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center also holds other photographs shot by Rinehart and Muhr at Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, including collection NMAI.AC.118.
This collection contains 44 photographs in a photo album and 12 loose prints that depict American Indian leaders circa 1898 to 1901. The bulk of the photographs depict photographic portraits and scenes of sham battles shot at the Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, Nebraska, from June 1 to October 31, 1898. Frank A. Rinehart (ca. 1862-1928) and his assistant Adolph F. Muhr were the official photographers. During the Indian Congress they photographed more than 500 individuals and groups representing the estimated thirty-six tribes represented at the Exposition. Rinehart shot the majority of the outdoor battles, dance scenes, and events, while Muhr photographed the majority of the delegate portraits. Rinehart copyrighted the photographs under his own name in 1899 and 1900.
Other photographs in this collection are photographic portraits of American Indian leaders that were photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899. Heyn copyrighted the photographs under his own name in 1899.
Finally, the collection also contains 7 loose photomechanical prints depicting portraits by photographer William Henry Jackson. These prints were colorized and published under Jackson's company the Detroit Photographic Co. Other loose color photomechanical prints include portraits shot by photographer William H. Rau (1855-1920) for the Chicago Inter-Ocean Newspaper in 1901.
The photograph titles were assigned by the photographers.
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not modified in any way, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian. For more information please see the Smithsonian's
Touch the Cloud, Cheyennes, No. 786
Photographic portrait of delegate Touch the Cloud [Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne)] in traditional clothing. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his Assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Sham Battle, Indian Congress, No. 836
View overlooking a sham battle scene at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898. Photograph by Frank Rinehart.
Sham Battle, Indian Congress, No. 837
View overlooking a sham battle scene at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898. Photograph by Frank Rinehart.
Sham Battle, Indian Congress, No. 838
View overlooking a sham battle scene at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898. Photograph by Frank Rinehart.
Band of Sioux Warriors, No. 821
Outdoor group portrait of Sioux delegates at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898. Photograph by Frank Rinehart.
Chief Goes to War, Sioux, No. 762
Studio portrait of Sicangu Lakota (Brulé Sioux) delegate Chief Zuya Hiyaya (Goes To War or Pretty Bird, ca. 1855-ca. 1930) wearing a beaded hide shirt and a bone breastplate. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Chief Antoine Moise, No. 758
Portrait of Salish (Flathead) delegate Chief Antoine Moise (ca. 1850-1918), wearing a headdress made from elk hair. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Howard Frost, Omahas, Interpreter, No. 791
Studio portrait of Howard Frost (Omaha), an interpreter, in traditional clothing. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Kill Spotted Horse, Assiniboines, No. 746
Studio portrait of Assiniboine (Stoney) delegate Kill Spotted Horse (or Kills Spotted Horse) wearing traditional clothing including a feathered headdress. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Black Man, Arapahoes, No. 798
Full length portrait of Inunaina (Arapaho) delegate Black Man in traditional clothing, including a feather headdress. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
White Swan, Crows, No. 814
Full length studio portrait of Apsáalooke (Crow/Absaroke) delegate White Swan (ca. 1851-1904) in traditional clothing. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Assuz, San Carlos Apaches, No. 890
Studio portrait of San Carlos Apache delegate Assuz. He wears a medal attached to his shirt. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Chief Josh, San Carlos Apaches, No. 889
Studio portrait of San Carlos Apache delegate Chief Josh (Go-Zhozh) wearing a vest with pinned medals to it. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Harlan Gannon (Little Snake), Omahas, No. 790
Full length studio portrait of Omaha delegate Harlan Gannon (Little Snake), wearing traditional clothing. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Spies on the Enemy, Crow, No. 783
Full length studio portrait of Apsáalooke (Crow/Absaroke) delegate Spies on the Enemy, in traditional clothing. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Geronimo (Guiyatle), Apache, No. 881
Studio portrait of Chiricahua Apache delegate Goyathlay (Geronimo, ca. 1825-1909). Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Felix Slow Bear, Ogallala Sioux, 313
Studio portrait of Felix Slow Bear [Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux)] wearing traditional clothing. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Left Hand Bear, Ogallala Sioux, 303
Studio portrait of Left Hand Bear [Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux)] in traditional clothing. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Swift Dog, Sioux, No. 867
Studio portrait of Hunkpapa Lakota (Hunkpapa Sioux) delegate Swift Dog wearing feather headdress and a bone breastplate. He is standing and holding a painted shield and ceremonial stick. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
White Buffalo, Arapahoe, No. 1114
Studio portrait of Southern Inunaina (Arapaho) delegate White Buffalo, wearing a vest, a peace medal, and holding a pipe. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Ahahe and child, Wichita, No. 1117
Studio portrait of Wichita delegate Ahahe seated and holding a baby in cradleboard. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Sleeping Bear, Sioux, No. 876.
Studio portrait of Sioux delegate Sleeping Bear wearing a feathered headdress and a bone hairpipe breastplate. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
In Summer, Kiowa, No. 1042
Group portrait of three Kiowa delegates wearing fringed hide shirts, fur-wrapped braids, feathers and hair roaches. They are from left to right: Jim Ah-Keah-Boat (Two Hatchet); Frank Tobah (To-Bah, ca. 1873-1914) or his brother Doyebi (ca. 1862-ca. 1903); Jimmy Hummingbird (ca. 1879-ca. 1910). Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Freckled Face, Arapahoe, No. 1113
Studio portrait of Inunaina (Arapaho) delegate Freckled Face, wearing a dress decorated with elk teeth. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Turning Eagle, Sioux, No. 765
Standing portrait of Sicangu Lakota (Brulé Sioux) delegate Chief Turning Eagle wearing a feathered headdress and holding a quillwork bag. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Stella Yellow Shirt and baby, Ogallala Sioux, 291
Studio portrait of Stella Yellow Shirt [Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux)] and her baby. Stella wears an elk took dress. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Bartelda, Apache, No. 1386
Studio portrait of Chiricahua Apache delegate Bartelda posing in profile. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Jack Red Cloud Prince, Ogallala Sioux, 108
Studio portrait of Jack Red Cloud Prince [Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux)], in profile, wearing a feather headdress, beaded hide shirt, and a peace medal. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Chief Hollow Horn Bear, Sioux, No. 1169
Portrait in profile of Sicangu Lakota (Brulé Sioux) delegate Chief Mato He Hlogeca (also known as Hollow Horn Bear) wearing feathered headdress, bone breast plate, and a beaded hide shirt. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Broken Arm, Ogallala Sioux, 114
Studio portrait of Broken Arm [Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux)], wearing a feather headdress, a bone breastplate, and a beaded hide shirt. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Hattie Tom, Apache, No. 1400
Studio portrait of Chiricahua Apache delegate Hattie Tom wearing a beaded hide dress with metal cone tinklers, beaded necklaces, and earrings. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Battle in the Wood, Ogallala Sioux, 222
Studio portrait of Battle in the Wood, a young Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux) boy, wearing a bone breastplate, beaded leggings, and moccasins. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
High Bear, Sioux, No. 869
Full length studio portrait of Sioux delegate High Bear wearing a feathered headdress, a peace medal, and holding a painted war shield. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Little Wound, War Chief, Ogallala Sioux, 102
Studio portrait of Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux) Chief Little Wound. He wears a feathered headdress and a beaded hide shirt and moccasins. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Chief American Horse, Sioux, No. 1005
Full length studio portrait of Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux) delegate Chief Washi-ta-tonga (also known as American Horse) wearing a beaded and fringed hide shirt, beaded moccasins, and a feathered headdress. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Standing Bear, Ogallala Sioux, 293
Studio portrait of Standing Bear [Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux)], wearing a long feathered headdress and beaded vest. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Chief Wolf Robe, Cheyenne
Full length studio portrait of Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne) delegate Chief Wolf Robe (ca. 1840-1910), wearing a peace medal and holding a pipe and a beaded pouch. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Vapore, Maricopa, No. 1431
Studio portrait of Piipaash (Maricopa) delegate Vapore. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
John Williams, Tonkawa, No. 1056
Studio portrait of Tonkawa delegate John Williams (Shy-Wan-Caw Williams, ca. 1841-ca. 1915) wearing fur-wrapped braids and hairpipe breastplate. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Mrs. Juan Amigo, Pima, No. 1439
Studio portrait of Akimel O'odham (Pima) delegate Mrs. Juan Amigo. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Cloud Man, Assinaboines, No. 744
Full length studio portrait of Assiniboine (Stoney) delegate Cloud Man (1868-ca. 1938), in traditional clothing and posing in front of a painted backdrop. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Afraid of Water, No. 1402
Outdoor scene of a young Sicangu Lakota [Rosebud Sioux] mother bathing her child in a pool or fountain. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Yellow Feather, Maricopa, No. 1429
Studio portrait of Piipaash (Maricopa) delegate Yellow Feather carrying a woven basket on her head. Photographed by Frank Rinehart or his assistant Adolph Muhr at the U.S. Indian Congress of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, 1898.
Little Wound and Chiefs, Ogallala Sioux, 346
Studio group portrait of Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux) Chiefs and delegates. They are sitting from left to right: Black Bear, Little Wound, Black Bird, High Hawk, and Conquering Bear; standing from left to right: Hard Heart, Lone Bear, Jack Red Cloud, Shot in the Eye, and Last Horse. The men are dressed in traditional clothing including breastbone plates and beaded hide shirts. Shot in the Eye wears goggle-type eyewear. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Utes, Buckskin Charlie, Sub Chief, No. 53407
Photomechanical color print of Chief Buckskin Charlie (Ute) wearing a bone breast plate, fur-wrapped braids, and feather in his hair. Photograph by William Henry Jackson and published by his company the Detroit Photographic Co.
Chief James A. Garfield, Apaches, No. 53412
Photomechnical color print of Chief James A. Garfield (Jicarilla Apache) wearing a peace medal given to him by President James A. Garfield. Photograph by William Henry Jackson and published by his company the Detroit Photographic Co.
Chief Garfield, Pouche Te Foya and Sanches, Apaches, No. 53413
Photomechanical color print depicting Jicarilla Apache chiefs Garfield (center), Pouche Te Foya, and Sanches, dressed in traditional clothing. Photograph by William Henry Jackson and published by his company the Detroit Photographic Co.
Pee Viggi and Woman, Utes (Southern), No. 53411
Photomechanical color print depicting a portrait of Pee Viggi and an unidentified woman (Southern Ute). Photograph by William Henry Jackson and published by his company the Detroit Photographic Co.
Group of Children, Utes, No. 53410
Photomechanical color print depicting a portrait of four children (Ute) in traditional clothing. Photograph by William Henry Jackson and published by his company the Detroit Photographic Co.
Jose Romero and Family, Utes, No. 53409
Photomechanical color print depicting a portrait of Jose Romero (Ute) and his wife and child. The couple are dress in traditional clothing and the baby is in a cradleboard. Photograph by William Henry Jackson and published by his company the Detroit Photographic Co.
Chief Sevara and family, Utes, No. 53408
Photomechanical color print depicting a portrait of Chief Sevara (Ute) and family. The group is dressed in traditional clothing and two babies are in cradleboards. Photograph by William Henry Jackson and published by his company the Detroit Photographic Co.
Chief Iron Tail, Sinte Maza
Photomechanical color print depicting a portrait of Chief Iron Tail [Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux)] in traditional clothing. Photograph by William H. Rau in 1901.
Chief Joe Black Fox (Sugila-Saga)
Photomechanical color print depicting a portrait of Chief Joe Black Fox (Sugila-Saga; Sioux) dressed in traditional clothing. Photograph by William Rau circa 1901.
Wounded Horse (Tasuke Opi)
Photomechanical color print depicing a portrait of Wounded Horse (Tasuke Opi; Sioux) in traditional clothing. Photograph by William Rau circa 1901.
Chief Little Wound in Council Ogallala Sioux, No. 348
Outdoor portrait depicting Chief Little Wound standing before Ogallala Sioux Chiefs. Photographed by Herman Heyn and James Matzen at the Greater America Exposition in Omaha in 1899.
Lone Elk (Herak Isula)
Photomechanical color print depicting Lone Elk [Herak Isula; Lakota (Teton/Western Sioux)] in traditional clothing. Photograph by William Rau circa 1901.